in social anthropology the concept of socialization came in the late 19th century because of the political economy, and it was used in relation to the means of production, etc.For the first time a person has applied its American sociologist Franklin H. Giddings, implying that the term preparation for life in human society, the development of his character and social nature.
Long before the wide use of the term "socialization" of scientists interested in the question of formation of man as a member of society.As long as the theory of socialization is not formed in a separate area of scientific research, this issue was addressed as part of other, broader issues of philosophy and other sciences.
Once in the middle of the 20th century, the concept of socialization has entered into scientific use, it became an independent subject of research for sociologists, psychologists, philosophers and educators.First, in their research, scientists have focused only on the stages of childhood, adolescence and youth.It was only in the 60s of the 20th century began to study how the socialization of adults and the elderly.As a result of the late circulation of scientists in these age groups have not accumulated a sufficient amount of research material.
process of socialization is considering a number of sciences.For example, sociology studies the interrelation of the processes of socialization with the social structure.Social psychology explains the impact on the socialization of different subcultures, organizations, etc.
The study of socialization, there are two approaches:
- subject-subject approach, whose members believe that man himself is an active influence on their socialization and not only society with its social groups.
- object-subject approach, whose supporters believe that a person from childhood crushes social environment, trying to create his own "image and likeness".
If we take the basis of subject-subject approach, the concept of socialization can be interpreted as occurring in the process of absorption and reproduction of culture change and human development.Self-change and human development depends on its interaction with the different conditions of life, from childhood through old age.
Thus, the essence of socialization is the simultaneous combination of human adaptation and separation in a single society.
As a result, two-way activity of the social environment and the subject of adaptation occurs.It suggests that social media will align their expectations and demands in relation to the identity of its behavior in society, attitudes.At the same time, people must coordinate their claims to their abilities and with the reality of the environment in which he lives.It is in the process of adaptation of man becomes a social being.
apart - on the contrary, the process of separating the individual in society, which arises from the needs of the individual to have their views, values, affection;without the need for intervention to solve personal issues;the need to eliminate those situations that prevent its realization.It is in the process of separation of a person acquires personality.
From the foregoing, it is clear that the concept of socialization of the person means by an internal, not fully resolvable conflict between the measure of isolation in society and human adaptation to it.To socialization took place effectively, a balance should be maintained between the device and the isolation.
This notion of socialization is suitable only to the subject-subject interpretation.The concept of socialization in the object-subject interpretation considering the adaptation of man in society, its development being social.
Features of socialization in the modern world depend on the characteristics of a society in which socialization takes place.
