oscillatory processes - one of the most common phenomena in nature.Their study involved in different branches of knowledge, especially physics.To answer the question of what are called free oscillations, it should be noted that this category is a reference in the study of the whole variety of oscillatory phenomena that occur in nature.
are the following types, classified according to the following reasons.
On the physical nature of oscillations distinguish mechanical, electromagnetic and mixed, combining the characteristics already mentioned.
By way flow in environments emit vibrations:
- forced, that is, those who are called and take place under the influence of various types of external disturbances environments in which they occur.At the same time must comply with the terms of the frequency of disturbances;
- free oscillations, called another property, which initiated the internal properties of the system and are characterized by attenuation required when the action of the internal forces is stopped or reduced;
- oscillations - such as those characterized by the presence of some of the potential (potential energy), provides a completely fluctuations.Important than the free oscillations differ from the self-oscillation, the amplitude of acts not on the initial strength of the initiating pulse, and the characteristics of the physical system;
- parametric - it swings, which are formed in the deliberate setting of the vibrational system of any parameter, projecting a manifestation of the properties of the environment;
- random fluctuations are those which act on the oscillatory process factors are random, not parametric in nature.
Summing up these characteristics, it can be concluded that in general terms fluctuations - this is repeated at regular intervals change some of the system with respect to its equilibrium state.The most common areas of manifestation of oscillatory processes in nature are the mechanical phenomena, chemical, and electrical wave, astronomy, and other electromagnetic.A common characteristic of all the species of oscillation is that they are directly related to the energy transfer - converting one form of energy into another.
As mentioned above, the starting point in the study of the nature of oscillatory processes, a study of this kind, as a free vibrations.Their main characteristics are the following parameters:
- amplitude (A) - the maximum deviation of the system from its equilibrium state (the most commonly used indicator of the average value);
- period (T) - specific period of time, during which you can fix the repetition of the system states;
- natural frequency (f) - the number of vibrations, which makes the system for a certain unit of time.This parameter is measured in hertz (Hz).
relationship of these parameters represents a formula that characterizes the free oscillations as a phenomenon.For different vibration systems parameters in this formula are included in various combinations, depending on what particular system under consideration.
For example, in the simplest resonant circuit period and frequency are related by the formula: f = 1 / T, of it can be seen that the period and frequency are the inverse values.
If we consider free oscillations that occur in such a system, which is fixed statically spring has a certain elasticity (k), there should appeal to Newton's second law.Given its formula reflecting properties of this oscillatory system, takes the form: F = -kx.This suggests that if we ignore the values of the forces of friction and weight taken as a constant value, then the system will always oscillate with the same period, even with different amplitudes and initial conditions of their occurrence.
