In the transition from inorganic to organic chemistry can be traced as the classification of different organic and inorganic substances.The world has a variety of organic compounds and numerous variants.Classification of organic substances not only helps to understand this abundance, but also brings a clear scientific basis for their study.
as a basis for the distribution of organic compounds in classes chosen theory of chemical structure.The basis of the study of organic matter is to work with the most numerous class, which is called for basic organic substances - hydrocarbons.Other representatives of the world of organics are treated as derivatives.Indeed, in the study of their structure it is not difficult to see that synthesize these substances occurs through the substitution (replacement) of a hydrocarbon structure, and sometimes several units hydrogen atoms of other chemical elements, and sometimes on the entire threads radicals.
Classification of organic compounds taken as a basis for hydrocarbons and more because of their ease of composition and the hydrocarbon component is the most significant part of most of the known organic compounds.To date, all known chemical substances belonging to the world of organic compounds that are based on the carbon-hydrogen bonds, have a significant predominance.All other substances or are in the minority, allowing to carry them into the category of exceptions to the general rule, or are so unstable that they are difficult to obtain, even in our time.
Classification of organic substances by splitting into separate groups and classes allows you to select two major classes of organic acyclic and cyclic compounds.Their name suggests the type of construction of the molecule.In the first case of the hydrocarbon chain links, and in the second - the molecule is a ring.
acyclic compounds may be branched or may be a simple chain.Among the names of these substances can be found the expression "fatty, or aliphatic hydrocarbons."They may be limiting (ethane, isobutane, ethyl alcohol) or unsaturated (ethylene, acetylene, isoprene), depending on the type of connection of some carbon units.
Classification of organic substances belonging to the cyclic compound includes a further division into groups the carbocyclic group and heterocyclic hydrocarbons.
carbocyclic "rings" are composed only of carbon atoms.They may be alicyclic (saturated and unsaturated), as well as an aromatic carbocyclic compounds.The alicyclic compound just happens to connect the two ends of the carbon chain, but the aromatics in the structure are so-called benzene ring which has a significant influence on their properties.
The heterocyclic substances can meet the atoms of other substances, most often this is the function of nitrogen.
next constituent element that affects the properties of organic substances is the presence of a functional group.
for Halogenated hydrocarbons as a functional group can act alone, and even some of the halogen atoms.Spirits get their properties due to the presence gidroksogrupp.For aldehydes characteristic feature is the presence of aldehyde groups to ketones - carbonyl groups.Carboxylic acids are characterized in that they contain carboxyl groups and amines possess an amino group.For nitro compounds characterized by the presence of the nitro group.
Variety types of hydrocarbons, as well as their properties, based on the combination of different type.For example, the composition can comprise a single molecule two or more identical, sometimes different functional groups, defining specific properties of this material (aminoacetic acid, glycerol).
give greater visibility to address the issue (classification of organic substances) table, which can easily make on the basis of the information contained in the text of the article.
