methodology and methods of scientific research focused on the knowledge of objective reality.At the same time they represent a specific workflow, techniques of action.They vary depending on whether they contain the objects under study.It should be borne in mind that in this case, the methodology serves no more than an application of general theories, principles, aimed at addressing specific science and research tasks.
Currently sciences have quite a number of methods of scientific research.Classification of scientific research is carried out on various grounds.
methodology and methods of scientific research are classified according to scientific branches: biological, mathematical, social, economic, health, legal and so on.
In accordance with the level of knowledge differentiate the methods of theoretical, empirical, metatheoretical levels.
There are methods of quantitative and qualitative processing of the data, for example, factorial, correlation, cluster analysis, or presentation in the form of graphs, tables, charts, histograms, etc.
classification methods of scientific research on the nature of the action researcher has four groups:
1) empirical, including self-observation and surveillance;Experimental and psychodiagnostic containing a survey, test, interview, interviewing and sociometry;praksimetricheskie methods - tsiklografiya, chronometer professiograficheskoe description and evaluation activities;curriculum, based on the analysis of facts, evidence, events, dates, and human life simulation method;
2) organizational methods: a comprehensive, longitudinal, comparative;
3) interpretive methods, in particular, structural and genetic method;
4) methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis.
However, the methodology and methods of scientific research is traditionally carried out on the basis of the level of scientific knowledge - empirical or theoretical.Moreover respectively emit methods.
methodology and methods of scientific research is directly dependent on the degree of generality and scope.In accordance with these methods are distinguished:
1) philosophy (general), which act at any stage of knowledge, and in all the sciences;
2) general science, applied in natural, humanitarian and technical sciences;
3) private, used for research related sciences;
4) Special applicable for a particular area of scientific knowledge.
What are the methods of scientific research in psychology in particular?The main methods include observation and experiment, and to support analysis of the results of the rank and chat.How to determine which methods of scientific research in psychology rational use?The solution in each case is taken individually.It depends on the subject and research problems.It should be noted that, as a rule, not used a particular method and several methods in combination.In addition, each of the methods of control and mutually complement each other.
under observation implies a method consisting in purposeful, systematic and deliberate perception and fixation of the behaviors to get conclusions about the mental, subjective phenomena observed.
Experiment - is different from seeing what is done in the framework of a specially created study the situation with the active intervention in it a systematic manipulation of variable factors and the registration of changes in the behavior of the test.
Questionnaire method, the conversation related to the collection of verbal testimonies of subjects and their subsequent analysis.
