If we consider the ways and methods of learning about the world, they can be divided in three main ways: science, art and religion.These are the three most common of all the ways of knowing.The object of knowledge for them is the same - the world around us, but together they are different methods and tools of knowledge.
Thus it is clear that science uses the scientific method of learning about the world.These methods are based on the logic and fairness (impartiality is sometimes also called "scientific method of verification").The main tool of science is the mind - consciousness, which is based on human feelings.These feelings have six people: sight, touch, smell, hearing, taste and memory.
Scientific methods of learning about the world is always objective, rational and concrete, it follows from the definition of science itself, it can only be subjective various hypotheses and assumptions.Usually referred to as the knowledge of only the process of searching for the truth, and only the result of this process is called knowledge.Knowledge - is the result of understanding reality, proven practices is reflected in the thinking of man.
essence of scientific knowledge is to determine the exact quantitative measure that characterizes a particular process.Scientific methods of learning about the world is a sphere of human activity, in which he produces and arranges to obtain objective knowledge.This knowledge will reveal the inner essence of the studied objects, processes and phenomena of reality.
complete system of scientific knowledge obtained in the form of accumulation of findings, their quantitative, qualitative and conceptual descriptions, and found with their help empirical regularities.The most important feature of science is that it has methods.Scientific research method is a set of methods and operations, as well as ways of justifying the system of knowledge and methods of monitoring the results obtained in terms of objectivity.This method also includes the construction of models that adequately reflect reality.
Among the scientific methods can be distinguished general and specific methods.Common methods include general science, general philosophical, mathematical, which make it possible to describe the diverse objects, processes and phenomena with one voice.Special techniques are mainly used in narrow specific areas of knowledge, such as psychological and pedagogical research methods, as for the natural sciences and humanities knowledge methods differ substantially.Their research subjects vary in their nature, so the approach to their study with one yardstick can not.
Scientific methods of learning about the world can be divided into several successive stages:
- Monitoring are naturally objects, processes and phenomena, obtaining primary data on them by the senses and instruments.
- Description of the qualitative and quantitative, which captures the results in one form or another using conventional science concepts, graphs and diagrams.Then we studied the quality of designated numerical representation, systematized and classified.
- Facts established as a result of monitoring, not only fixed, but also conceptualized with the help of existing concepts and ideas.If scientific analysis is a comparison and synthesis of facts, they are separated and isolated from the particulars of the common properties.At this stage there are basic assumptions - hypotheses.
- The search for the necessary evidence that might confirm or refute the hypothesis.
- As a result of the accumulation hypotheses confirmed the theory arises, which is a whole system of images, charts and models that reflect the totality of the properties and relations of objects and phenomena existing in the natural relationship.
