Special psychology is the branch of psychology that deals with the study of special conditions for children and adolescents under the influence of some groups of factors.Such conditions occur in slow motion or expression a kind of psychosocial development of the child, which greatly complicates its social and psychological adaptation, self-determination and subsequent professional.
Special psychology is studying various options for the development of mental diseases and problems of abnormal mental development.Special attention is paid to the study of individual characteristics of mentally retarded children with lesions of the cerebral cortex and in violation of the activities of the analyzers (hearing, speech).Reliably learned that the primary defect is significant secondary changes, such as deafness, can cause changes in mental development, rebuilding vital position, perception, thinking, relationships with others.On the basis of special psychology are special training programs for people with developmental abnormalities.The main task that confronts a special psychology, is the formation of an adequate person through the use of special techniques and methods of education and training, which resulted in a restructuring and replacement of disturbed functions.
object of special psychology is a person with developmental disabilities, and its task is to study the characteristics and laws of mental development of people with various psychological and physical disorders in a correctional training.Special psychology has a number of specific areas that define its activities.Surdopsihologiya been studying the psychology of deaf and hearing impaired people tiflopsihologiya studying psychology and behavior of blind and visually impaired people oligofrenpsihologiya studying the psychology of mentally retarded people, logopsihologiya designed to help people with speech disorders.This trend, as well as the psychology of view, is particularly important for people with even the slightest infringements, as is perhaps the only way to adapt them to the outside world.
Special psychology with a special pedagogy are the basic components of a complex scientific discipline - Defectology, which has been studying the characteristics of children with mental and physical disabilities and their subsequent training and education.Special psychology has special special research methods most frequently used in it:
- Group and individual psychological experiments laboratory .They are the active involvement of researchers in the vital activity of the ward in order to create the conditions to identify any psychological pattern.
- Observation .Supervision called purposeful perception of the ward.
- Learning products activities. Under the influence of this refers to the analysis of the letters, children's drawings and crafts.
- Survey. Assignments in this embodiment, the study are presented in the form of questions.
- Projective techniques. are intended for the diagnosis of personality.
- Educational Experiments .They are natural experiments, characterized by purposeful formation of the psychological processes.
- conditioned reflex method .
Each of these techniques is used in special psychology for specific purposes, taking into account environmental factors and individual to individual.They are quite popular among people suffering from various physical and mental disabilities.As psychology view, special psychology today rises to a whole new level.Who knows, maybe in the near future because of it, people with mental and physical disabilities to become full members of our society.
