phenomenological sociology - a kind of interpretive sociology, the proponents of which are characterized by society as a phenomenon that has been created and is constantly recreated in the spirit of interacting individuals.Phenomenological philosophy was founded by Edmund Husserl.Pursuing the development of radical concepts, he wanted to create a philosophy that appeals to a source of our experience and knowledge.He believed that scientific knowledge is increasingly detached from reality, and that such communication can restore phenomenology.After 50 years of Husserl's argument was used by several other sociologists and aims at the elimination of the established social theory, especially against structural functionalism, which was considered divorced from social life and experience.
phenomenological philosophy of science study and another famous person - Alfred Schutz, who was a disciple of Edmund Husserl.Influenced by the ideas of symbolic interactionism and the American pragmatic theory A.Shyuts attempted to combine these two areas with the phenomenological understanding that clearly displayed in his main work - "The phenomenology of the social world."Another significant social phenomenological research is the work T.Lukmana and P.Bergera "Social Construction of Reality."The beginning of their work is a phenomenological analysis of everyday knowledge, which is almost always inherent in typing.By their nature knowledge is always directed to the solution of various practical problems.Then Berger and Luckman argue that practical knowledge is produced by individuals who are affected by all of the knowledge produced by others.
appearance of phenomenological sociology in the literature is very often associated with opposition to positivism, naturalism, structural functionalism with empiricism.To some extent this is true.Yet to phenomenological sociology there were other important reasons, some of which was in the logic of development of the science of sociology.One of the main reasons - the need to study the social world as an ordinary, so-called everyday, the world of the individual.This is here meant an individual who is able to feel, experience, and strive to achieve something.On this basis, the social world, as a subject of sociological research, turned to the world of subjective experience, in other words, the phenomenal world.Now the social world - a living world of people whose actions have a subjective meaning and are totally dependent on those objects that are affected.This is a standard of the world and had to study the phenomenological sociology.
modern phenomenology in sociology, and in particular its supporters are guided by the fact that the outside (external) the human world is a result of the creation of consciousness.Without denying the existence of the objective world, social scientists believe that it is becoming important to people only when they really perceive it, and if it turns out the objective external to people in the inner subjective.At the same time, individuals perceive the world not so much as its phenomena, ie phenomena.Phenomenological sociology in this case is one main goal - to find out, to understand and to know how people are ordered (structured) phenomenon perceived world in your mind and then translate their knowledge of the world in daily life.The better to solve this problem, along with the phenomenological sociology, applied sociology of knowledge.Thus, phenomenological sociology is not so much interested in the objective world of social processes and phenomena, much the way the world and numerous structures perceive ordinary people in their daily lives.That is why we can confidently say that the supporters of this trend has the following goal - to comprehend and understand the world in its spiritual existence.
