origin of philosophy as a science was still in the ancient times, it was then in Greece for the first time there is the idea that the totality of all knowledge of nature and the world can be streamlined into a single whole conglomerate, from which can later be allocated some of the most important axioms and principles.You can then, step by step, you can justify any remaining knowledge so that together they will be a single whole system.
the first time the subject of philosophy is in demand at the school of the Stoics and Plato's Academy, where it consists of three parts - physics, logic and ethics.Modern physics is only one of the few natural sciences, while the Greek physicist represented all scientific knowledge about nature in general and its individual elements: space, fire, water, minerals, plants and animals.The Greek classification interpreted physics as a science that exists by itself.Ethics is the science of human behavior, his character, actions and generally of any aspects related to human activity, but the basic concept of this teaching was a virtue.Logic - is the ability to talk and talk, to express words, deeds and things.
Thus, the subject of philosophy included three separate science and three major philosophical problems, corresponding to the three areas of the real world - nature, society and thought.Many years later, the greatest scientist - philosopher Hegel said that philosophy is shared and always will be divided into three main aspects - logic, philosophy of nature and philosophy of mind.However, in the first century BC to the three philosophical direction of the added fourth, telling us about the first principles of all things, or the divine nature of the world.Thus, the subject of philosophy added another important term that has acquired the name of metaphysics.
the fourteenth to the eighteenth century there have been profound changes in science, in connection with the emergence of experimental and mathematical physics, which inevitably affected the outlook of people and property on the very subject of philosophy.The structure of philosophical knowledge began to include the search for new methods of reliable exercise in methodology and epistemology.The founders of the new philosophy is considered Bacon and Descartes, who shares the main types of knowledge on the characteristics of the human soul, otherwise known abilities.In turn, Descartes has offered a general picture of philosophy in the form of a tree, where the root is the metaphysics, the trunk - physics, and branches - all other sciences, dating back from the philosophy - medicine, ethics, mechanics.Thus, metaphysics is considered to be even more accurate and fundamental science than mathematics, but they are all ultimately the goals that offers ethics.
to the XVIII century there was virtually no difference between the concepts of "science" and "philosophy", the subject of philosophy is the development of very specific scientific knowledge.The great physicist and mathematician of the time, Newton considered himself a true philosopher, and Carl Linnaeus called his work "Philosophy of Botany".The structure and subject of philosophy is still based on four basic principles: ontology - the science of being, epistemology - the science of knowledge, ethics - the doctrine of the good, and the teaching of their absolute unity - the metaphysics.Despite the fact that the structure and subject of philosophy changed over the entire time of its existence, each of philosophies has its own internal logic and its own unique direction.It is these aspects make the subject of philosophy is not only important to understand, but very interesting for the study and knowledge of the overall picture of the world, as well as its place in the world.
