Science - is a consequence of spiritual human activity aimed at the attainment of the objective truth related to the laws of nature.Forming a single body of knowledge about the laws of science have to be divided into the private sector, allowing to carry out a study and elucidation of facts and phenomena, without delving into the study of the mother.It is on this basis allocate the natural sciences about the nature and the social sciences.However, this is not the only criterion for the division: fundamental and applied science vary based on distance from practical application.
Science is closely linked to philosophy.The specificity of scientific knowledge in philosophy - is the awareness and consideration of the facts in relation to the real picture of the world.Philosophy was an indispensable companion of science in the turning points of history, is no less important today.
specificity of scientific knowledge expressed by several factors:
1) The main purpose of science - the elucidation of the objective laws of reality, but it is impossible without a series of abstractions, as it enables abstraction not to limit the breadth of thinking to determine the veracity of certain deductions.
2) Scientific knowledge should be particularly reliable, objective therefore becomes its main feature, because without it is impossible to talk about something with a certain accuracy.Objectivity is based on a study of the active object visual and experimental methods.
3) The specificity of scientific knowledge lies in the fact that any science is aimed at practical application.Therefore, it must explain the reasons, consequences and communication between the different processes.
4) This is also the possibility of permanent additions and self-renewal of science through successive discoveries that can either refute or confirm the existing laws, conclusions, and so on.
5) Scientific knowledge is accomplished by the use as a special high-precision instruments, and with the use of logic, mathematical calculations, and other elements of mental and spiritual activity of man.
6) Any knowledge must be strictly provable - it is also the specificity of scientific knowledge.Information that can be used in the future, have to be accurate and valid.However, in various areas yet not without some assumptions, theories and restrictions.
scientific knowledge - is primarily a process that takes place in the empirical and theoretical levels, each of which also has its own specifics.Despite the differences, both levels are interconnected, and the boundary between them is quite mobile.The specificity of scientific knowledge of each of these levels, based on the use of experiments and instruments, or theoretical explanation of the laws and practices in each case.Therefore, speaking of the practice, it is impossible to do without a theory.
There are also different types of scientific knowledge.Among them are more important components of theoretical knowledge, that is the problem, theory and hypothesis.
problem - is the realization of some inconsistencies that need to be explained scientifically.This is a unique site or the starting point, without which there is no further prerequisites for the development of knowledge.The specificity of scientific knowledge in philosophy allows us to find a way out of this site on the basis of theoretical and practical conclusions.
hypothesis - is formulated versions that try to explain certain phenomena from a scientific point of view.The hypothesis requires proof.If any, it turns into a true theory, but other versions are invalid.Elucidation of correctness of the hypothesis takes place on its practical application.
All of these kinds of scientific knowledge are arranged in a kind of pyramid on the top of which is the theory.The theory - the most reliable and accurate form of scientific knowledge, which gives an exact explanation of the phenomenon.Its presence - the main prerequisite for the realization of a project in practice.
