problem of classification of sciences is the complexity of approaches to the division of disciplines into separate classes.The task of creating a complete system requires coverage of all the sciences, including the practical, applied.This requires a common single principle , on the basis of which it would be possible to build a classification.
Human knowledge has three main aspects: knowledge, answers the question: what is learned ?, as the study?and why do we study?In this regard, there are three party system: object-substantive, methodological research and practical-target.The connection between them is determined by the increase of the share of the subjective component.
As a rule, the first major class of all classifications are the natural sciences.These adjacent mathematized abstract and mathematical, which are among the sciences, differing on the subject (object).
Classification of Natural Sciences already known since ancient times.Aristotle divided all knowledge into theoretical, practical and poetic.But his understanding was far from modern.Marcus Varro singled grammar, rhetoric, dialectic, arithmetic, geometry, music, astrology, medicine and architecture.Arab scholars shared knowledge on Arab (rhetoric, poetics) and foreign (medicine, mathematics, astronomy).In the Middle Ages Hugo of St. Victor has divided science into practical, theoretical, mechanical, and logical.Roger Bacon singled logic, grammar, mathematics, metaphysics, ethics, and natural philosophy.
Science studies the objects and phenomena of the human world.Modern classification Sciences still is actually the approximate nature and not sufficiently reflect the real essence of things.Scientific disciplines are divided arbitrarily into two groups .The first group includes natural sciences (engaged in the study of objects and phenomena of nature, that is, that part of the world, which is not a product of human activity. The second group includes humanities , who study the phenomenon resulting from a reasonable human activity.
Nature objects have internal structure, that is, themselves made up of smaller objects. On this basis allocate a variety of levels of organization of matter : cosmic, geological, biological, planetary, physical, chemical. In this regard classification of Natural Sciences dividesthem into separate disciplines that match the listed mother. By this criterion of knowledge is divided into astronomy, geology, biology, ecology, physics and chemistry . All subjects of this series intersect, are located on levels related knowledge. Physics in the course of its development foundmore elementary sublayers, which is organized matter (molecules, atoms, and other elementary particles).
for natural sciences prominent feature is they are not isolated from each other.In studies there is a constant need for information about the elements that can only be provided a different level of knowledge.
hierarchical classification of Natural Sciences shows that those subjects that are on the lower rungs of the ladder are simply higher.However, due to the simplicity of the studied material (matter), these disciplines were able to save a lot more facts and create a harmonious scientific theory.
This classification does not include the natural sciences math .And without it is unthinkable, no modern exact science.The fact that mathematics itself is not in the full sense of the exact sciences, because they do not matter and exploring real-world objects, nature.It is based on the laws of calculated man.
