scientific knowledge - the most objective way of opening a new one.In this article we will discuss the methods and forms of scientific knowledge, we try to get to the core issue of how they differ.
There are two levels of scientific knowledge: empirical and theoretical.And in this regard are the following forms of scientific knowledge in philosophy: scientific fact, the problem, hypothesis and theory.We give each of them a little attention.
scientific fact - elementary form, which can be considered as scientific knowledge, but on one particular phenomenon.Not all the results of the studies can be accepted as evidence if they are not received as a result of studying them in conjunction with other events and did not pass the special statistical processing.
problem also exists in the form of knowledge, which together with the well-known there what you need to know.It consists of two aspects: First, the problem should be set, and secondly - solved.Seeking and well-known in the problem are closely interrelated.In order to solve the problem it is necessary to make not only the physical and mental, and material effort.Therefore, some of the problems for a long time remain unknown.
To address the hypothesis that demonstrates knowledge of the laws of the scientist who can help this or that problem.The hypothesis to be valid, that is, comply with the terms of testability, compatibility with the facts, the possibility of a comparison with other investigated sites.The truth of the hypothesis is proved in practice.Once the truth of the hypothesis tested, it takes the form of the theory, which completes stage of development, which reached the modern methods and forms of scientific knowledge.
And the highest form of scientific knowledge is the theory.It is a model of scientific knowledge, giving an overview of the laws governing the scope of the study.Logical laws are derived from the theory and subject its main provisions.The theory explains and predicts organizes and defines the methodology of scientific knowledge, his integrity, validity and reliability.
forms of scientific knowledge in philosophy and define the basic methods of scientific knowledge.Scientific knowledge develops as a result of observations and experiments.Experiment as a method of scientific knowledge emerged in the XVII century.Until that time, researchers have to rely more on everyday practice, common sense and observation.Terms and conditions for the experimental scientific knowledge developed with the development of technology and the emergence of new mechanisms as a result of which occurred at the time of the Industrial Revolution.Activity scientists at this time increases due to the fact that the experiment is allowed to expose the object under study special effects, putting him in isolated conditions.
However, considering the methods and forms of scientific knowledge, can not detract from the value and follow-up.That it opens the way for the experiment.Suffice it to recall how V.Gilber rubbing amber hair discovered the existence of static electricity.It was one of the most simple experiments related to external observation.And later the Dane H.Ersted had a real experiment using already galvanic instrument.
modern methods and forms of scientific knowledge is much complicated and on the verge of a technical miracle.The size of the experimental equipments are huge and massive.Impressive and the amount that is invested in their creation.Therefore, scientists often save money by replacing the basic methods of scientific knowledge by a thought experiment, and scientific modeling.An example of such models is an ideal gas, where it is assumed the absence of molecular collisions.Widely used and mathematical modeling as an analogue reality.
