From the outset, it should be noted that people who are not professional philosophers and far from this science can never understand that studies the ontology and that it is all for science.So complex and confusing it yazyk.No in Philosophy, which can be attributed to such disciplines as ontology, it is not uncommon.In addition, every philosopher insists on his understanding of the system, its findings often ignoring the rest.We add that the philosophers themselves debating whether there is any benefit from ontologii.Chto usually meant by ontology?The Science of being, of the essence, the eternal, of the most abstract and general principles of being, the absolute, unchanging and t.d.Chto studies ontology?If ontos in Greek - being, the ontology is the science of the essence?It seems that everything is simple.But is it possible to identify the subject of science from its name?
textbooks on philosophy Ontology is a branch of philosophy, considering the universal, not dependent on the person, the principles and foundations of life.What does that mean?What is being?What it can be universal principles and foundations?How can they not depend on the person?And what it means to exist or to be? I think that the point is that without a detailed study of the subject ontology, that is, without an answer to the question "What is studying ontology?" Without the study of the principles that distinguish it from other areas of knowledge, any definition of ontologyis not more than a set of meaningless words, no more than express his personal opinion avtora.No in this short article, we have not put such a task.Therefore we confine ourselves to more or less the official point of view.
Ontology - a branch of philosophy that studies being.In the classic sense of an ontology is a knowledge of the extremely obschem.Odnim of the basic questions of ontology is: that there is a page in this science concepts: being, movement, time, space, form of existence (existential, perfect, tangible) property struktura.Takim wayOntology is trying in the most general way to describe the universe of existing, not limited to these specific sciences, and may not be reducible to nim.Voprosy set ontology - a very ancient theme of philosophy, which dates back to Parmenides and other pre-Socratic.An important contribution to the development problems of ontology made Aristotle and Plato.
In the philosophy of the Middle Ages was a central ontological problem, if there are abstract objects (universals) .In philosophy of the XX century, especially the ontological issues involved in the following philosophers: Nikolai Hartmann, Martin Heidegger, and others. In the modern philosophy of particular interest in studying the problem of ontology ontology soznaniya.Chto? The main subject of this science is being defined as a unity and completeness of all kinds of reality: the objective, virtual, social, subjective, fizicheskoy.Realnost we traditionally associate with matter (the material world) and spirit (the spiritual world, including the concept of souls, God) anddivide (materialists) on a live, touch and social fabric (which entails formalism and look at the person as a person at all impersonal) .K being is something that you can think of.His opposite - nothing incredible, as well as (in the Aristotelian philosophy) still-not-being of opportunity.In the past century existentialism and phenomenology of being identified with the man as the only beings with the ability to think and ask questions about existence.
classical metaphysics, however, being understood by God.People are being, have the will and svobodoy.Sotsialnaya ontology - the doctrine of the existence of society.In the modern interpretation - the doctrine of the existence of the society, which includes teaching about man, about individuals, interrelated in their self-expression.
