The specifics of the innovation - its diversity, a process that integrates a science, technology, economics, management and entrepreneurship.In recent years, an innovative process has evolved considerably and now has multiple dimensions.But its high input intensities and risk, require the creation of an environment set of conditions conducive to the development of innovative activity of the enterprises and the transition to modern methods of optimization of management decisions.Understanding the nature and specifics of the innovation process enables us to justify the basic stages of development management decisions, to focus management on the impact of its key points and use a set of incentives for the most efficient way.
The literature presents numerous developments in the study of innovation processes.The analysis of numerous scientific sources allows us to speak about the lack of uniformity in the interpretation of the term "innovation process".Here are the most common definition of the concept.Thus, according to the Interstate standard GOST 31279-2004, is a sequential process of transforming innovations into products, followed by the presentation and to the market.The standard determines the total amount of work in the innovation process: research and development, assist in the implementation, practical assistance in the use and maintenance, as well as the process of generating adequate management decisions within the framework of its course.
With the GOST definition echoes this understanding of the innovation process, in which it is considered as the process of the genesis of innovative changes, which consists of the stages of the transition to its corresponding methods of optimization of administrative decisions, as a result of which there is the implemented innovation.In other words, the conversion of new fundamental knowledge in the applied knowledge, as well as a set of methods to achieve these goals.It should be noted that the categories of "innovation process" and "innovation cycle" most researchers and regulations specifically separated, is used as the identity.However, the generic term "process" and "cycle", there are differences.So, if the process is understood as a coherent action, the cycle is treated as "a set of processes that take place within any period of time."Therefore it is necessary, on the one hand, a clear distinction between these concepts with regard to innovation, and on the other, to understand their unifying feature - both concepts involve consideration of how the activities for the transition to modern methods of optimization of management decisions in business.
innovation process suggests that in the course of the transformation of innovation into products, it goes through a series of states, replacing each other, including - development process management solutions, which are characterized by an active transition in the management of such methods of optimization of management decisions, which allow the whole processmake the most cost-effective.
innovation process as a parallel-to-serial implementation of activities includes collection of different types of work, the analysis allows it to allocate the following activities and grouped them in three stages:
1. Getting innovations (marketing innovations, their initiation(idea generation and filtering, examination of the project, construction work);
2. Distribution of innovations (marketing, production, and facilitate the transfer market and the implementation of innovation, technology transfer and commercialization of the results);
3. Using innovation (implementation of the newproduction, assistance in the application, the diffusion of innovation (promoting innovation), recycle.
Thus, it is based on a combination of existing knowledge and experience, which builds the subject of innovation, generating the idea of carrying a novelty. With the use of an existing tool set (infrastructure) message is converted into a prototype, and then in the final product.
