One of the oldest is a matter of philosophical categories.The notion of it was originally a very specific, then it developed, expanded, and eventually turned into a description of the objective reality of which we can feel.
most generalized definition of this category being the identity of the world, as understood by philosophy.Movement, space, time are its attributes.In this article we will talk about one of the most important philosophical categories.It's about movement.One might say that this term covers all the processes in nature and society.
notion of movement in philosophy
can say that this category describes the mode of existence of matter.In fact, in a very general movement in philosophy - is any change, the interaction of material objects, the transition from one state to another.It explains the diversity of the world.Without it, it is difficult to imagine any being.After all there - which means move.Any other being virtually unprovable.It is impossible to find because it does not interact with any objects or with our consciousness.
Matter and movement in philosophy is also interconnected.They can not exist without the other one.Therefore, the motion is considered an absolute philosophical concept.And the rest, on the contrary, a relative.Why is that?The fact that with the definition agreed thinkers rest as one type of motion.Very good astronomers prove it.If some body, for example, at rest on the Earth, it moves with respect to the other planets and stars.
Aporia - whether there are changes and processes?
Even in the ancient world drew attention to the contradictions of this problem.Stir in philosophy - is, in terms of the Eleatic school, subject to a special kind of reasoning - paradoxes.Their author, Zeno, generally believed that it is impossible to consistently think.Therefore, think about the movement impossible.Philosopher is an example of that, if, in practice, a fast runner (Achilles) could overtake the slow tortoise, in the realm of thought is impossible, at least because of the time, while the animal crawls from one point to another, a person also needs time toto get to where it was.And it is no longer there.And so on to infinity, which divides the space.
The same thing happens when we observe the flight of the arrow.We think (our senses tell about it), it moves.But every time the boom is (rest) at some point in space.Therefore, what we see does not correspond to what you can think of.And because feelings are secondary, there is no movement.
Unity
However, even in antiquity there were criticism of these statements.For example, against the Eleatic paradoxes made famous authority of the ancient world, Aristotle.Stir in philosophy - is a unity with space and time - claimed thinker.They do not exist in isolation.Therefore mechanically divide them into infinite points - incorrect and illogical.The world is volatile, it develops because of the confrontation of the elements and principles, and the consequence of this is manifold.Thus, the movement and the development of philosophy became identified.Proof of this came in the Renaissance.At the specified time it has been very popular idea, that one and the other is because the entire world - is becoming the arena of the soul or life.Last diffused throughout existence.Even matter is animated and therefore develops.
Source
However, in modern times philosophers have begun to look for, what is the basis of the movement.They identified matter with matter, and recently endowed inertia.Therefore, a better explanation than the fact that someone, such as God or the Supreme Being, made "the first impulse," then all began to develop and move on established laws, they could not come up with.
In the era of mechanistic movement mainly explained the problem from the standpoint of deism.It is a philosophical concept, a few converts popular religious theory that God has "started" the universe as a clock, and therefore is the only original source and movement in it.Explains the reason for the change in the time of Newton and Hobbes.But this is not surprising, because then a person is also considered to be something like a complicated mechanism.
Marxist Materialism, too, talked about a lot of movement.They primarily rejected the idea of its external source.The representatives of these views first said that the philosophy of the movement - an attribute of matter.The latter itself is its source.We can say that it is because of the self-develops its own contradictions.The last push and encourage her to move.
movement of matter is due to the interaction of various opposites.They cause specific changes in its states.Matter - is a kind of whole which can not be destroyed.It is constantly evolving.Therefore, the world is so diverse.If there occur any processes that do not alter the structure of the object, they are called quantitative transformation.And if the same object or phenomenon is internally converted?Then the change called quality.
Variety
dialectical materialism, made a concept that describes the forms of movement.In the philosophy of Marxism originally it had five kinds of changes - from simple to more complex.It was believed that the particular forms of movement cause quality items.They are a source of specificity phenomena of the material world.
In the nineteenth century are five such forms.It mechanics, physics, chemistry, biology and social processes.Each of them has its material carrier - body, atoms, molecules, proteins, people and society.Subsequently, however, the development of science has shown that this classification is not entirely untrue.The theory of structural forms of organization of matter demonstrated that mechanical motion is inherently complex, not simple.Physical processes have their micro and macro levels.It turned out that each structural organization of matter has its own complex hierarchy, and the number of forms of their movement tends to infinity.
Development
both the mother and the society is in constant change.If they are consistent, irreversible and qualitatively, they called development.Movement and development philosophy is very connected.The second term is wider than the first by value, because there is a movement that does not lead to qualitative changes, such as moving.But the development has several levels, and values.For example, about how the world, where it's going, there are mythological and religious explanations, not just scientific.
The understanding of dialectical materialism, there is development, as progress.This means that the level of structural organization increases, it becomes more complicated.If the reverse happens, it is called regression.But this is also the development.So call and self-motion nature of society.It is generally believed that the development of a universal quality of the universe.
philosophy of being
draw some conclusions.The different schools of thought movement understood ontologically, it is the basis of life.It is recognized not only an inherent property of matter, but also the principle of unity of the world and the source of its diversity.
movement in the philosophy of life - is the link between space and time.It is - not only an attribute of matter, but also the foundation of the life of nature, man and society.Movement inherent contradictions and dialectics.It is both absolutely and relatively, variability and viability is at some point, and does not do it.In modern ontology movement also has a perfect view.This is a subjective process in the world of human consciousness.Perhaps this is the movement that the great Goethe called happiness.
