population of our planet is in constant motion, ie, reproduced by successive generations, changing qualitatively and quantitatively, including, due to migration - territorial movements.Thus, a demographic situation on the ground.The demographic problem, along with the environmental, food, energy, raw materials, as well as the issue of peace and disarmament, demand for its solutions to common efforts of the international community.
Rapid population growth in the world, much of which (up to ¾) is in developing, with undeveloped social sphere and backward economy, the country created a global demographic problem, the significance and importance of which is recognized by all states realize that the arms race and growtharmed conflicts, especially in these underdeveloped countries, leading to huge material costs, worsening opportunities for economic growth and social development.The demographic problem in these countries is related to the problems of food security, the environment, the provision of education, lack of natural resources, quality of life and employment.A high percentage of young people in these countries (up to 40% of the population younger than 15 years) are allowed to keep the trend of high rates of population growth.Uncontrolled migration and urbanization transformed from positive to negative phenomena.
in Japan, Europe and some CIS countries with the 80s of the twentieth century.It is going demographic crisis, which manifests itself in the reduction of the working-age population due to slow growth, aging and natural population decline.The demographic problem (ie a reduction in the active population) in these countries is decided by the influx of immigrants from different countries.Demographic aging (over 12% of the population 60 years and over 7% - over 65 years old) - it is a natural process, which serve as the basis for improving the quality of life, medical advances and other factors that contribute to prolonging the life of a substantial part of the population.So, the global demographic problem is:
a) rapid and poorly controlled growth of people in developing countries;
b) in the aging population in developed countries and countries with economies in transition.
It is clear that the solution of so many problems only by joint efforts of the entire international community.In 1969, in the framework of the United Nations (UN), the UN Foundation was established to engage in activities in the field of the world population and a conductive World conference under its auspices.Over the past 30 years there have been three such conference in 1974 - Bucharest (Romania), in 1984 - Mexico City (Mexico), in 1994 - in Cairo (Egypt).
main difficulties in the first World Conference consisted in addressing the problems of migrants: legal use of their labor-importing countries, the fight against discrimination in society and the labor market, protecting their rights and those of their families.
period between the first and second conference is characterized by the growing number of refugees in the world, along with other issues reflected in the course of the conference in Mexico City (1984).Then I was offered (and accepted) a new approach that recognizes the diverse nature of international population movements.
At the third International Conference in 1994 in Cairo, adopted a 20-year Programme of Action, taking into account the main demand in world politics - to ensure sustainable development.It was emphasized that migration should be a positive factor favorably affecting factor of migrant-receiving states.
all conferences addressed issues of mortality and fertility, population growth, urbanization and migration.
demographic problem humanity can be solved.For this purpose, according to the World Plan requires, first of all, social and economic reforms in developing countries.Family planning programs will contribute to the improvement of human reproduction.
demographic problem with a high birth rate in China is solved birth control: the family is not allowed to have more than one child.Limitations exist in populous India, while in the developed European countries (Germany, Denmark, France), on the contrary - to families with 2 or more children, are provided with various benefits.
