Physics - one of the most important science that studies the man.Its presence is noticeable in all spheres of life, sometimes even opening change the course of history.Therefore, the great physicists so interesting and meaningful for the people: their work is relevant even after many centuries after their death.What scientists should know first?
Andre-Marie Ampere
French physicist, was born in the family of a merchant of Lyons.The library was full of parents works of leading scientists, writers and philosophers.Since childhood, Andre fond of reading, which helped him to gain in-depth knowledge.For twelve years the boy had learned the basics of higher mathematics and the following year presented his work in Lyon Academy.Soon he started giving private lessons, and in 1802 the first of teachers of physics and chemistry, first in Lyon and then at the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris.Ten years later, he was elected member of the Academy of Sciences.The names of the great physicists are often associated with the concepts, the study of which they have dedicated their lives and amps are no exception.He dealt with problems of electrodynamics.A unit of electric current is measured in amperes.In addition, it has introduced many a scientist and is now used terms.For example, this definition of "galvanometer", "voltage", "electric current" and many others.
Robert Boyle
many great physicists conduct their work in a time when technology and science were practically in their infancy, and although it succeeded.For example, Robert Boyle, a native of Ireland.He was engaged in a variety of physical and chemical experiments, developing the atomic theory.In 1660 he was able to discover the law of change in the volume of gases depending on the pressure.Many of the great scientists of physics of his time had no idea of atoms, as Boyle was not only convinced of their existence, but also formed a number of related concepts such as "elements" or "primary corpuscles."In 1663, he was able to invent a litmus, and in 1680-m he first proposed method of obtaining phosphorus from the bones.Boyle was a member of the Royal Society of London and left many scientific papers.
Niels Bohr
great physicists often have a significant scientists in other fields.For example, Niels Bohr was also a chemist.A member of the Danish Royal Society of Sciences and the lead scientist of the twentieth century, Niels Bohr was born in Copenhagen, where he graduated.For some time physicists collaborated with the British Thomson and Rutherford.Scientific papers Bohr became the basis for the creation of quantum theory.Many of the great physicists subsequently worked in the directions originally created by Nielsen, for example, in some areas of theoretical physics and chemistry.Few people know, but he was also the first scientist who laid the foundations of the periodic table.In the 1930s.He has made many important discoveries in atomic theory.For his achievements was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics.
Max Born
Many of the great physicists were from Germany.For example, Max Born was born in Breslau, the son of a professor and pianist.From childhood he was fond of physics and mathematics and entered the University of Göttingen to study them.In 1907 Max Born defended his dissertation on the stability of elastic bodies.Like other great physicists of the time, such as Niels Bohr, Max has collaborated with experts in Cambridge, namely Thomson.Inspired by the ideas of Einstein and Born.Max has studied crystals and developed several analytical theories.In addition, Bourne has created a mathematical basis of quantum theory.Like other physicists, World War II anti-militarist Born categorically did not want to, and during the battle he had to emigrate.Subsequently, he condemned the development of nuclear weapons.For all his achievements, Max Born received the Nobel Prize, and has been accepted in many scientific academies.
Galileo
Some great physics and their discoveries related to the area of astronomy and science.For example, Galileo, the Italian scientist.While studying medicine at the University of Pisa, he became acquainted with the physics of Aristotle and started reading the ancient mathematicians.Inspired by these sciences, he dropped out of school and started writing "small scales" - work that helped to determine the mass of metal alloys and described the centers of gravity of figures.Galileo has become famous among the Italian mathematicians and got a job at the Department of Pisa.After some time, he became the court philosopher of the Duke of the Medici.In his works he did research the principles of balance, dynamics, motion and falling bodies, as well as the strength of materials.In 1609 he built the first telescope, which gives three-fold increase, and then - and tridtsatidvuhkratnym.His observations have given information on the Moon's surface and size of the star.Galileo discovered the moons of Jupiter.His discoveries created a furore in the scientific field.The great physicist Galileo was not approved by the church too, and this determined attitude in society.Nevertheless, he continued to work, that was the reason for the denunciation to the Inquisition.He had to abandon his teachings.Yet a few years later treatises on the rotation of the Earth around the Sun that are based on the ideas of Copernicus were published: with an explanation that this is just a hypothesis.So, the most important contribution of the scientist to society has been saved.
Isaac Newton
Inventions and statements of great physicists often become a kind of metaphor, but a legend about the apple and the law of gravity more famous of all.Every sign of Isaac Newton, the hero of the story, according to which he discovered the law of gravity.In addition, the scientist developed an integral and differential calculus, was the inventor of the reflecting telescope and wrote a number of fundamental works on optics.Modern physicists believe its creator a classic of science.Newton was born in a poor family, he studied in a simple school, and then at Cambridge, working in parallel servant to pay for his studies.Already in the early years came to him the idea that the future will be the basis for the invention of calculus of systems and discovery of the law of gravity.In 1669 he became a lecturer at the department, and in 1672-m - a member of the Royal Society of London.In 1687 it published a major work called "Elements".For the invaluable achievements in 1705, Newton gave the nobility.
Christiaan Huygens
Like many other great men, physicists were often talented in various fields.For example, Christiaan Huygens, born in The Hague.His father was a diplomat, scholar and writer, the son received an excellent education in the legal field, but became interested in mathematics.In addition, Christians spoke excellent Latin, knew how to dance and ride, played music on the lute and the harpsichord.Even as a child he was able to build his own lathe and worked on it.In his university years Huygens corresponded with Parisian mathematician Mersenne, which greatly affected the young man.Already in 1651 he published a book on squaring the circle, ellipse, and hyperbola.His work has allowed him to gain reputation as a mathematician.Then he became interested in physics and wrote several books about the colliding bodies, which seriously affect the performance of his contemporaries.In addition, he made contributions to optics, constructed the telescope, and even wrote a paper on payments in the gambling associated with the theory of probability.All this makes him an outstanding figure in the history of science.
James Maxwell
great physics and opening them deserve every interest.So, James Clerk Maxwell has achieved impressive results, which is available to everyone.He became the founder of the theory of electrodynamics.The scientist was born in a noble family and was educated at the universities of Edinburgh and Cambridge.For his achievements was admitted to the Royal Society.Maxwell opened the Cavendish Laboratory, which was equipped with the latest technology for conducting physical experiments.During the Maxwell studied electromagnetism, the kinetic theory of gases, the issues of color vision and optics.He proved himself as an astronomer, and it was he found that Saturn's rings are made up of durable and non-particles.He was also engaged study of the dynamics and electricity, had a serious effect on the Faraday.Extensive tracts of many physical phenomena are still considered relevant and in demand in the scientific community, making the Maxwell one of the greatest experts in the field.
Albert Einstein
future scientist was born in Germany.Since childhood, Einstein loved mathematics, philosophy, fond of reading popular science books.The formation of Albert went to the Institute of Technology, where he studied the favorite science.In 1902 he became a member of the Patent Office.Over the years there he published several successful papers.His first works related to the thermodynamics and the interaction between molecules.In 1905, one of the works has been adopted as a thesis, and Einstein became a doctor of sciences.Albert owned a lot of revolutionary ideas about the energy of the electrons, the nature of light and the photoelectric effect.The most important was the theory of relativity.Conclusion Einstein transformed representation of humanity about time and space.Absolutely deserved, he was awarded the Nobel Prize, and is recognized throughout the scientific world.
