Climate Belarust has its own characteristics, which are due to the geographical location of the country.Climate and weather conditions are of great importance, so much attention is paid to this.
information about the history of observations of climate change in Belarus
interested in the question of what the climate in Belarus began in the 9-10 th centuries.The oldest data on the climatic conditions of Belarus are found in chronicles and writings of travelers.Mogilev opened the first meteorological station in 1809, then in Vitebsk (1810), Brest (1834), Gorky (1841), Minsk (1849), however, only after the October Revolution began a deeper studyClimate.1930 was notable for the fact that at that time began to operate the various weather service, there were methods of forecasting frost.
first who described in detail the climate in Belarus, which is still reliable information was AI Kaygorodov.At this time, there was complete information about the climatic conditions of large cities, was conducted agroclimatic zoning of the country.Since that time, the information of automatic weather stations and satellites are used for weather forecasting, mapping.This information is very important for scheduling work in agriculture.
The main characteristic of the climate of Belarus
Belarusian climate is temperate continental with Atlantic cyclones.As for the winter, it is moderately cold, characterized by prolonged thaws.If we consider the summer, we can say that it is moderately warm.Rainfall for the year on average from 550 mm in the south to 750 mm in the uplands.
climate of the Republic of Belarus and its features are due to the geographical position of Belarus in the area of temperate latitudes, where the predominant flat terrain, no orographic obstacles, as well as a large distance from the Atlantic Ocean.
angle of incidence of the sun's rays and the duration of the day and the sunshine defined latitudinal location of the republic in the area of 56 ° and 51 ° north latitude.From this it depends on the amount of solar radiation penetration.During the year the amount of solar radiation varies from 3400 to 4050 MJ / m2.
Change of air masses over the country depends on the atmospheric circulation.By the frequent occurrence of moist air masses resulting in the predominance of westerly transport in the lower atmosphere.In the eastern areas of influence of the ocean is reduced and enhanced continental climate.
Due to the dominance of the western migration occurs western cyclones that bring moist air.There are a thaw, rain and a slight warming in the cold season and in the summer the weather gets cooler, the rains come.Cyclones from the northwest appear much less frequently.
thermal regime is characterized by positive air temperatures on average per year, which rise to the south and southwest.The average temperature in the north of 4,4 ° C in the southwest of 7,4 ° C.In January, in the southwest of the average temperature is -4,1 ° C, while in the north-east of -8,4 ° C.The July average temperature has an index of +17 ° C to +19,7 ° C.
Belarus is sufficient moisture in the area.Average annual rainfall is due to the relief area and has an index of 500-600 mm in the lowlands and on the hills - 550-700 mm.In the period from April to October falls 70% of precipitation.In general 70-80% of the precipitation comes in the form of rain, 9-16% - in the form of snow, the remaining quantity - as mixed precipitation.In late February and early March, it has the highest snow cover that is 15-40 cm. The increased humidity caused a significant amount of rainfall and the fact that the air temperature is low.Relative humidity is greater than 80%.May is characterized by a minimum relative humidity.Because of the high humidity, the formation of clouds, fog.85% of the time in the autumn-winter period dominates overcast, cloudy weather.
general circulation of the atmosphere affects the wind regime.The dominance of western migration.In winter, winds blow mainly from the south-west.Summer wind blowing from the northwest.The average wind speed over the year is about 4 m / s in the open areas in the basins - about 3 m / sec.Sometimes there storms and tornadoes.
Negative factors Climate Belarus Climate Belarus
has some negative factors.These include instability of the weather in spring and autumn, the winter is mild, with thaws, rainy summer, the lack of moisture at the beginning of the summer, freezing.Various natural phenomena such as tornadoes, dust storms, halo, are directly dependent on the characteristics of atmospheric processes taking place.
weather and climate in Belarus in different seasons
What is the climate in Belarus for each season?Location Belarus in temperate latitudes led to the change of the seasons of the year.The duration of each season of the year is 3 months.But it should be noted that the beginning of the pores in the phenological country typically do not correspond to the dates of the calendar.When comparing the north-eastern and south-western areas of the country there are more significant differences on these indicators.
climatic conditions in spring
Phenological spring begins in Belarus in the 1st decade of the south-west.In the northeast begins in late March with the transition to air through zero degrees upward.Spring season ends in late April, early May, when the temperature goes over 10 degrees Celsius upwards.
weather is uncertain, there is a frequent change of warm and cold air masses.Increases rainfall, melting snow and ice on the rivers, evaporation takes place, the birds, vegetation starts the process, and start agricultural work.In the spring increases the amount of solar days.Air and land is gradually heated.
Summer and its climatic features
Phenological summer begins in early May in the south and in mid-May in the north.The average daily temperature during the transition period is 12 ° C with an increase in early summer and, accordingly, the temperature is gradually lowered in the end.The average temperature in July, the warmest month of the season, +17 ... + 20 ° C.In general, warm summer in Belarus, sometimes marked heat.Precipitation falls as summer rains often lengthy.High temperatures sufficiently low humidity and strong winds and storms are severe weather in the summer season.
summer ends late 2nd - early 3rd decade of September in the north and east, at the end of the third decade of September - the beginning of the 1st decade of October - in the south and southwest.
Feature fall
early autumn is the date when the average daily air temperature passes 10 ° C.The number of sunny days in October reduced.The advent of snow signals the end of autumn.There lowering the temperature of air and soil, rains, winds strengthened, but the total amount of precipitation decreases.
In early autumn, after a significant cold snap comes sudden warming, which is called "Indian summer".The weather is dry and clear.This period can occur secondary flowering of some plants.
weather winter
What is the climate in the Republic of Belarus in the winter?It is the coldest season of the year.Lowering the temperature below 0 ° C is taken as the beginning of winter.In late winter, the temperature is gradually exceeds this figure.
Winter is characterized by cold air masses, lingering drizzle, which are replaced with snow, unstable snow cover, ice, blizzard.Weather in this season mostly cloudy, mist formed, frost, frost, there is a frequent change of frost and thaw periods.
of climate change on the territory of Belarus
Climate change Belarus and its causes - a topic which is engaged in research very seriously lately.There are many reasons why the weather is changing.The climate of Belarus during this period include the change in the parameters of the Earth's orbit, the greenhouse effect, man-made causes that represent different kinds of human activity, entailing changes in the environment.The process of global warming, more and more gaining momentum.Stop it already unrealistic.It affects agriculture, flora, fauna and human health itself.Here's a climate of Belarus.
Over the past 100 years there have been three periods of warming in the country, after which there was a sharp cold snap.First warming was in the late 20 th - early 21 th century.Next, the largest warming observed in the 30-ies.Third warming was observed in 50-60-ies.The air temperature in the second period of warming exceeds the average for the last decade on 0,4-0,6 ° C.The first third of the 20th century was characterized by the greatest amount of rainfall.After analyzing all temperature data on the country, it may be noted that the temperature has increased by almost 1 degree.Specific changes are visible in the winter season.The climate became milder, less continental.Winter has become warmer on average by 5-6 degrees, compared with 60-mi years.Rainfall at very low temperatures in early winter exceeds the norm.
