Remains rock glacier were moved to different distances, resulting in an moraine.As part of this diverse mass can be found clay particles, sand, gravel residues, as well as different shapes and sizes of stones, which are striated in a certain way and have a groove on its surface.
Glacial deposits and landforms
Glaciers are directly involved in the formation of Earth's topography.They are formed in the climatic zones of the polar regions, at high altitude in the mountains.The movement of the glacier caused by one of the qualities of ice, the ability to change the location of a certain pressure.This important place takes the plasticity of ice, which increases in direct proportion to the temperature.Typically, the motion is a 30-meter depth.
Moving can vary the original form of ice, formed shifts, cracks, folds of different shapes and sizes.With regard to speed of movement, that on average they are small, they reach about 100 meters per year.As a result of melting glaciers formed meltwater streams and whole glacial lakes, which involves the formation of new, changed the composition of sediments and changes in the landscape.
Types glacial deposits
Approximately one third of the earth's surface was covered with glaciers to the present.Now the figure is 10%.Even a single glaciation can cause global changes.All ice deposits can be divided into two major groups: sorted and unsorted.
Asked resulting in an Morena, you need to specify what type of glacial deposits it relates.Most unsorted it can not be named, although it belongs to this group.Morin is a poorly sorted debris picked up immediately or deferred glacier.
The other category includes the glacial remnants sorted water.They have divided the department for close to a glacier, in direct contact with him, and the remains that have been washed beyond the rivers or streams melted.
Deposits on contact with the glacier
sorted glacial deposits have quite a varied structure that makes possible to observe the variability of forms of relief.Of particular interest are deposits on contact with the glacier.Such education as kame terraces, was the result of the accumulation of different species along the edges of the ice of the glacier, located predominantly in the valleys of the rivers and reservoirs.When the ice melted, these fragments were separated along the sides of the valleys.Those who fall under the ice, led to avalanches and landslides.A formed hill called kamami.
Esker - another glacial deposition sorted resembling the undulating ridge, consisting of large rocks and sand gravel.Once upon a time they were at the bottom of the tunnel sewers and rarely selected on the surface.
Moraine: the characteristic of EV Schanzer
main moraines are composed of different particles in size, ranging from clay and ending with boulders.A characteristic feature is areal bedding, solid rock debris and lack of obvious layers.Among the composite material of this type of moraine, has a high density, can be found the remains of rocks, quite unusual for the area.Because of its strength, this material can be actively used in construction work.
on composition and color characteristics of the moraine has a great influence of the geological structure of the glacier.When it melts on the slopes of the valley produce some type of tiered layers that can form the entire moraine terraces.The oldest deposits and loose debris are smoothed or completely washed away by melt water, wild mountain rivers.
Morena composed of glacial formations
Glacial deposits group are highly variable and includes:
- glacial moraine;
- fluvioglacial sediments from melting glaciers;
- limnoglyatsialnye remnants of glacial waters;
- solifluction deposits;
- glacial marine sediments.
resulting in an Morena?These glacial deposits are poorly sorted debris formations and have a different kind of piling boulders, stones, mixed with sand and clay.At first glance, the whole mass is completely haphazard way, but it is not.A more careful and detailed consideration can be concluded that the melting glacier moraine inner layers are transferred to its base.But sometimes severe under-ice streams are thoroughly washed moraine, as a result of it is a large number of large boulders.
Three types of moraines
glacial moraines are of three types.Internal glacial moraine formed by the penetration of debris into the inner layers of ice.During the movement of glaciers on various areas they capture with a fall on the path of rocks, boulders, sand and clay.Bottom moraine formed by scraping and transfer balances rocks, and then, depending on certain factors force and speed of the transfers of the material collected themselves in the ground and in the deeper layers of the glacier.
terminal moraine formed, as a rule, on the edge of the glacier.These rocks filled lumps are formed when glacial suburb was a long time in one place, and at the same time Glacier delivered here continuously new clastic material.This is possible in the case of restrictions of movement of the glacier due to any projections or other obstacles.End moraine their appearance reminiscent of the hills and ridges that are parallel to each other.Such entities include not only hard rock but loose layers of river or lake sediments, which are picked up by a glacier.
Morena: automatic classification
The composition of the moraine is a tremendous diversity.The following types of glacial moraines:
- rocky;
- sand;
- loam;
- loamy;
- clay.
Pure moraine is quite rare, usually occurs in certain parts of mixed composition.In order to properly diagnose and study the glacial deposits, one study of rocks and materials is not enough, you need to understand their relationship with the other paragenetic formations.
Special features of the moraine
multicompound material selected glacier sliding, resulting in a moraine formed which can be transferred as a (mobile) and delayed (separated from the glacier genetic types of ice formations).Morena can exist as a separate form of glacial landscape.Mainly consist of unconsolidated sediments that are typical of the plains, drumlins and hilly moraine relief.
Water-glacial deposits obtained in the course of the sedimentation in the upper layers of the glacier.Morena this type of coarse gravel and filled with large boulders.End deposits formed at the final point of the glacier moving to the beginning of melting.Morin composition of minerals (quartz, mica, feldspar) is directly dependent on the rocks, under her body podmyatyh glacier.Also affects the position of the moraine in ice mass, as well as conversion processes residues during prolonged travel.
Glacial deposits are both continental and mountainous.They differ in a number of parameters, in particular the processes of relief formation and shape, composition and types of deposits.
