Category of parts of speech in the Russian language is the basic morphology.It is known that they are divided into four classes: independent, service, modal (or input) words and interjections.The first concerns a noun.By and large, it can be considered as the main linguistic notions.
noun as part of the speech
our lexicon contains a great many words for objects, be it people, animals, some things or substances.All these nouns.In addition, there are abstract concepts, including personal characteristics, for example, honesty, kindness, envy;dream, running, dancing, relaxation.These nouns, too, are important objects and to answer the questions "who?"or what?".
All these words are called animate and inanimate objects, possess the morphological categories like gender, number and case.Accordingly, they are divided into three genders (masculine, feminine, middle), vary in numbers (singular and plural), as well as six cases.
noun as part of the speech has an initial shape in the form of the nominative singular: doll, girl, cold, joy, sugar.
role of a noun in speech
In Russian, for every 100 words account for 40 nouns.They make up 40% of the lexical structure.This means that almost every second word is the subject or concept answers the question "who?"or what?".Because difficult to overestimate the role of the noun in the speech.
By and large, without this grammatical units would not be full communication.After the sentence, as a rule, there are links between objects and the relationships between them, so almost all of them have a noun, and often more than one.The significance of this part of the speech well-known linguist, said VGVetvitsky, defining it as the "orchestra conductor grammatical 'every move is being watched all the" orchestra "- dependent words that inherit its form and agree with him.
plays a major role ambiguity and nouns, and their use as a means of linguistic expression (metaphors, epithets, comparisons), and the presence of many people, not only directly, but also a figurative sense.
Use nouns in speech
This category of this part of the speech in sentences performs an essential function in the formation of predicative base.For example, a noun can act as the sole principal term in the nominative sentence.A striking example is the quote Blok: "Night.Street.Lamp.Pharmacy ... »
role of the noun in question is not so limited.As a predicate, it can be expressed in the form of the nominative case in the so-called two-component sentences: "My sister is a student -" and in the forms of oblique cases is used as a distributor of the following values:
- object ("Masha fills the blog ');
- subjective ("The girl was light and joy");
- attributive ("Cabinet chief spacious enough");
- adverbial ("We all gathered at the entrance").
Due to the fact that the noun has categories of gender and number, it has the ability to be combined with various forms of negotiated with him the words: beautiful (s) dress (I), beautiful (an) image (s), handsome (f) flower (s).
Use concrete nouns
Depending on the characteristics of expressed values of this part of the speech is divided into several groups, among which are single (pea, straw), material (milk, honey, silver), collecting (leaves, sand, beasts).But perhaps the most numerous and widespread in the use of the word - nouns, which are among the concrete and abstract concepts.
very phrase "concrete noun" is already adequately defines the content of the group.This concept called different things and phenomena of reality.One of their peculiarity is that the words of the category-specific nouns are perfectly combined with any numerals - both quantitative and ordinal, and a collective: Two baby second kid, two kids;two pencils - the second pencil.
second feature - the ability to form plurals: kid - kids, pencil - pencils.
Use of abstract nouns
Names what some abstract concepts, too, are a solid layer of Russian lexicon.These words - nouns denoting a name or some abstract concepts, action or state (fight, joy), qualities or characteristics (morality, goodness, yellowness).
Unlike the abstract specific names are used only in one form of - or only a single (silence, glitter, laughter, evil), or just the plural (weekdays, holidays, elections, twilight).Also, they can not be combined with cardinal numbers.Do not say, three silence, two luster.Some of abstract nouns can be consumed with adverbs a lot - a little, a little - a lot, much "And a lot of the joy of the kids brought," "brought a lot of trouble," "And how many happiness!»
Sometimesto indicate any concrete manifestation of abstract qualities, can be used in the plural form: frost - thundered January frosts, depth - reached the ocean depths, beauty - admire the beauty of nature, etc.
most frequent nouns in the speech
If we try to analyze the vocabulary of the average Russian, it is possible to conclude that the popularity of certain words used in it.Most often used to say, everyday nouns.In a speech of any man will sound the names of utensils (spoon, knife, fork, pots, pans, etc.), food (bread, milk, sausage, pasta, etc.), Words related to employment, transport,studies.
To determine how often used in speech or that name (the name, the concept), philologists create custom dictionaries.Some of them are only nouns, therefore, based on a study of such possible to draw certain conclusions.These dictionaries are called frequency.
In one of these lists of thousands of nouns cited most frequently the following words: the year of a person, time, matter, life, day, hand, work, word, space.
Nouns in a child's speech
From the perspective of scientists, even the primitive people, getting to know the world around us, exploring nature and its phenomena that gave them their name.These items over time fixed in the language of the tribes, creating his vocabulary.Similarly, nouns appear in the child's speech.In practice, these are the first words he uttered: mom, dad, woman, kitty, etc.Kid like the ancient people, too, eagerly looking around and wants to know the name of this or that object, and then the more complex concepts.
So, over time, children have associative links, their vocabulary is enriched with new nouns.For example, the child knows what grass is, and then when he realizes that it has a certain color, develops, and the word "green."The noun "wall" depending on the material becomes "flesh" - brick, stone, wood.And these words, too, are gradually included in the lexicon of the baby.
Conclusion
noun, denoting an object or phenomenon, calls it in the broadest sense.So, it may be the names of objects and things (desk, book, textbook, wardrobe), materials (paint, flour, alkali), living creatures and organisms (man, cat, starling, Bacillus), events, phenomena, facts (opera,storm, joy), place names, names of people, as well as quality, properties, actions, states (kindness, intelligence, walking, drowsiness).All these striking examples of the use of nouns.
With their help it is easy to navigate the city streets, reading signs, because the names of agencies and organizations represent this part of the speech.Similarly, the easier to imagine what will be discussed in a book or article (the title, as a rule, there is a noun).It can be called the oldest, most common, the most independent, the most important and leading part in the grammar.
can not but agree with A. Uspensky, define the role of the noun in the speech, calling it the bread of the language.How important is this product in a person's life is so important, and this category in the functioning of language.
