Flammability of substances of various kinds of materials - a set of properties that characterize their ability to rapid fire and the further spread of the combustion process, resulting in a fire or may be even an explosion.
classification of buildings on the basis of functional fire hazard
In the framework of this aspect is necessary to interpret some important concepts.Buildings (parts, fire compartments, structures) - the room (group of premises), which are functionally related to each other on such criteria as a functional fire hazard.
Depending on the methods of operation and the degree of the threat of being inside them in a situation of fire people (taking into account their age, the probability of staying in a state of sleep, physical condition, etc.), Decided to allocate the following classes:
- F1 - functional fire hazard class building designed for temporary stay, residence of people (pre-school institutions, hotels, dormitories and apartment one, specialized homes for the disabled and the elderly, hospitals and so on. d.).
- F2 - class, which includes entertainment facilities, various cultural institutions (theaters, circuses, libraries, theaters, dance and concert halls, sports facilities with stands, museums, and so on. N.).
- F3 - class of functional fire hazard building enterprises whose activities are connected with maintenance of the population (retail, catering, hospitals, banks, train stations, post offices, etc.).
- F4 - class, which includes the building of educational and research institutions, publishing, information and design organizations, fire stations, building institutions of government.
- F5 - the class of functional fire hazard areas such as stacks, storage (production) facilities (here also includes a building and the like of the above classes and laboratories).
What is this classification and where it is indicated?
class facilities for the fire danger is indicated in the special project documentation for the corresponding object.This classification is used to establish the requirements for a constructive and space-planning decisions with regards to buildings, as well as the regulation of these requirements (for evacuation during a fire).
categories explosion and fire hazard buildings and premises
term "categorization", in terms of the reporting aspect, interpreted as a correlation structures (buildings) fire, explosion hazard to certain categories.It is mandatory, and it shall be subject to the following objects:
- All industrial buildings (structures), workshops, laboratories and production facilities (functional fire hazard class F5.1).
- Any outdoor installation in the form of a complex of technical equipment and devices that are located outside the buildings (structures).
- Storage Buildings (structures), as well as a car park (excluding repair and maintenance), stacks, warehouses and archives (class of functional fire hazard F5.2).
Categorization is exclusively for warehouse, industrial premises.Some areas of the fire danger occurs at the design stage on the basis of the rules of fire safety or developed on the basis of departmental documents.
Based on the fire and explosion danger, all the rooms are divided into five categories: A, B, B1-B4, C, D.
categories explosion and fire hazards are defined specifically for the premises of the adverse effects of fuel (relative to fireand the explosion in devices, indoor), its amount, the nuances of the process, flammable properties.
Categorization warehouses, industrial buildings on fire, explosion hazard
| Categories premises | main characteristics of materials and substances present in the room |
| 1. A (explosive) | flammable liquids, combustible gases (flash point above 28 ° C), which are sufficient for the formation of explosive liquid-gas mixtures, and which, when ignited, develop an overpressure blast ˃ 5kPa substances, materials that are able to explode, burnduring interaction with oxygen, water, or with each other (if the value of the calculated excess explosion pressure ˃ 5 kPa) |
| 2. B (explosive) | combustible fibers or dust, flammable liquids (flash point above 28 °C) in an amount to form an explosive dust or vapor-air mixture in the process of inflammation that appears ˃ blast overpressure 5 kPa |
| 3. B (flammable) | Liquids (flammable, nonflammable) material (solidflammable, nonflammable), including fibers and dust, as well as materials and substances which are in the process of interaction with oxygen, water, or with each other can only burn (if the room in which they are located, do not fall under the above categories) |
| 4. Mr. | noncombustible materials, various kinds of matter (in hot, hot or molten state), that during processing produce heat, flames, sparks, flammable liquids and gases, solid substances intended for recycling as fuel. |
| 5. A | noncombustible materials, various kinds of substances in a cold state. |
recommendations to establish categories of buildings
Categorize fire risk premises is carried out on the basis of non-coercive character of the following indications:
1. The object of the first category (A), provided that the total area of the building exceeds its total areaall spaces inside (200 m2) at 5%.No assignment allowed the building to category A (explosive) if its total area does not exceed the specified value (25%), calculated of the total area of all buildings located in it (not more than 1000 m2), subject to their special equipment installation of automatic fire suppression.
2. Under category B gets a building which, firstly, can not be categorized as A. And secondly, it has the value of the total area of its premises (A, B) is greater than 5%, countableof the total area of the entire complex spaces located inside (or 200 m2).Acceptable not classified buildings in this category, provided that the total area of its premises (A, B) does not exceed 25%, calculated of the total area of all buildings located within it (not more than 1000 m2) when they are equipped with the installation of specialautomatic fire.
3. Terms of reference of the building to appear in the category:
- it does not fall under any of the above categories;
- value of the total floor area (A-B) is greater than 5% (or 10% in the absence of other categories of buildings) of the total area of the premises located inside this building.
permissible not classified buildings in this category, if the total area of its premises (A-B) does not exceed 25% of the total area of all premises located inside (no more than 3500 m2), subject to the equipment installation of special automatic fire.
4. Terms of reference of the building to category D are:
- it does not fall under any of the above categories;
- value of the total floor area (A-D) is greater than 5% (or 10% in the absence of other categories of buildings) of the total area of the premises located inside this building.
permissible not classified buildings in this category, if the total area of its premises (A-D) does not exceed 25% of the total area of all buildings located within it (not more than 5000 m2), provided the equipment installation of special automatic fire extinguishing facilities categoryA-B.
5. The building belongs to the category D, provided that it does not fall under any of the above categories.
Categorize fire hazard buildings stands a landmark in establishing the likelihood of the individual fires (the level of fire resistance of buildings) and solid (housing density).
How to calculate the category in question?
To perform the calculation of fire danger category, need to start collecting data on the corresponding spaces (certainly his plan).Next, make measurements of the walls and ceiling height plots of the most dangerous in the fire (that are directly involved in fire safety specialists).Then determine the temperature regime of the object being evaluated, as well as the material from which made flooring.It is important to establish the existence of special extinguishing systems and ventilation outlets.
Calculation fire hazard categories - calculations that allow you to set the offensive explosion hazard class (fire) based on the analysis of stored, used and recycled materials, as well as process and equipment.It is regulated by the Russian legislation in the field of fire safety.
Calculation of fire risk category premises is carried out to form the relevant requirements with regards to this sphere, which are aimed at reducing the likelihood of a fire, as well as to ensure adequate fire protection professional people (valuable property) in the situation of its occurrence.
classification structures on the basis of constructive fire danger
existing class structural fire hazard facilities (buildings) is set corresponding to the degree of participation of building structures in the development of fire education and fire risk factors.
There are 4 classes in the framework of this aspect of the C0, C1, C2, C3.It is important to note that the class structural fire hazard facilities is directly dependent on the class of fire danger major carriers enclosing structures (construction): beams, walls, floors, walls, staircases, columns, fire barriers, trusses, walls, roofs, platforms and marchesstairs.Fire danger in relation to the filling openings, building envelope, while not specified (exception - the openings of fire barriers).
Class C0 - the best in terms of fire safety.Here, all structures are made entirely of non-combustible materials (they do not burn, does not produce thermal effect is not damaged, do not form toxic smoke emission).
Class C1 - application in buildings constructions made with slow-burning materials.
Class C3 - most structures (besides the walls, fire barriers, constructive ladder elements and partitions), is not subject to the requirements of fire.
fire hazard classification structures
Structures in this aspect are divided into classes:
- R0 - fire rating class structures, which includes nepozharoopasnye design;
- K1 - class malopozharoopasnyh structures;
- K2 - class umerennopozharoopasnyh designs:
- K3 - Hazard designs.
numerical values of the criteria by which proceeds correlation of building structures in the relevant class, determined on the basis of the methods established by the regulations, in relation to fire safety.
Class Definition fire hazard structures prescribed in Appendix 6 of the Federal Law (№ 123 from 22.07.08).
location space requirements of different classes of functional fire hazard in a building
They are as follows:
1. The premises have functional fire hazard class F2-F4 is permitted to accommodate in a single fire compartment (including technical facilitiesand storage facilities).
2. An obligatory condition is the presence of fire hydrants in the amount of no less than three pieces.
3. Acceptable designing evacuation staircases (general purpose) for areas within one object (function rooms of various fire danger), unless they are equipped with fire doors nezadymlyaemymi second type with filling doorways.This should present an appropriate calculation of reasonableness buildings, taking into account the dynamics of hazards prior to the fire;We should be provided with the required conditions evacuation.
4. cinema, cinema that total capacity is more than 300 seats to be allocated in separate fire compartments and provide separate emergency exits or stairwells (at least two pieces).
5. Buildings shall be equipped with the following elements:
- professional installations of automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm a special address type;
- special smoke protection systems;
- collective and individual life-saving appliances;
- fire alarm system, starting from the fourth type;
- external and internal fire line;
- electricity systems, special fire protection, from the first category of reliability.
6. Separation of spaces of different classes of functional fire hazard inside the building is made by means of fire partitions of the second and first types.Also, a distinction on the relevant fire compartments is made by means of fire walls and ceilings of the first type.
7. In the process of designing multi-functional buildings necessarily settlements that will prove the correctness of previously adopted space-planning decisions.
Adequate fire safety
All structures (buildings) - objects with a certain degree of fire risk, the majority of which have various kinds of combustible substances.Their number may be sufficient for causing significant damage.Also, there is often the presence of oxidants in the form of oxygen and a source of ignition (the conditions for the onset of fire).
main problem of fire safety facilities - to bring in his state of fire danger in which excluded the probability of a fire, and the fire situation professionally protected people (valuable property).
Adequate fire protection is achieved through the following:
- fire prevention system;
- complex organizational and technical measures;
- special fire protection system.
In connection with this common condition with regards to ensure adequate fire safety facilities is as follows: it will be achieved subject to compliance with the actual amount of measures designed to ensure adequate fire safety measures the amount of regulated and approved by the relevant rules and regulations.
What causes misclassification of the building?
accepted that a competent and correct definition of the class of functional fire hazard - a pledge of security.Complex rules regarding fire safety - measures necessary for the execution, which should be clearly observed.However, these rules are set by certain characteristics, one of which is the appointment of a class of functional fire hazard facilities (buildings).
To prevent fire, it is important to correctly classify the appropriate building (structures, fire compartment).That is the final decision will be taken into account in preparing the above-mentioned rules for different organizations.
If it is set incorrectly, the current rules are grossly violated, and as a consequence, the likelihood of a fire significantly.
