In today's world a person is exposed to many dangers.However, the greatest threat is the so-called emergency.Emergency situation - this is such a special situation, which arises as a result of many factors and causes significant damage to people and the environment.This, for example, accidents, or natural disasters.Emergency (emergency) is usually characterized by the damage inflicted to the health and lives of people, in violation of the environment, considerable material losses, as well as violations of the conditions of normal life of people.
Features Emergency
From what has been said previously it follows that this definition (emergency) in most developed countries has traditionally been considered as the reason for the increase in natural hazards, and the technogenic sector.The latter, in turn, lead to significant changes not only in the economy of the state, but also in political direction.Over the past ten years on the entire surface of the planet occur all sorts of natural disasters and man-made disasters caused by the influence of anthropogenic factors.Therefore suffering humanity (at the same time could kill hundreds or even thousands of people), and applied significant, sometimes irreversible, damage to the environment.It is important to remember that the damage caused by natural emergencies are measured by nature and scale of the effects.
categories of damage
Under current law, the term "emergency" means a particularly difficult situation, which was formed at the site area as a result of a specific malicious events.As mentioned earlier, it decided to assess the damage caused, depending on the severity of the impact.In turn, the main components of the term under review are currently loss and damage.What is the difference between these two categories, so similar at first glance?
losses
From the above it can be concluded that natural emergencies pose a serious threat to the normal life of people.In turn, the term "loss" means all kinds of wounds, disease and injury of people of varying severity (up to life in prison), the resulting disaster.Such consequences of emergencies are not uncommon.Each year, only in the territory of the Russian Federation in all kinds of disasters killed about fifty thousand people and injured about 250 thousand.
damage
definition of "emergency" includes also vyshepredstavlennoe concept.It expresses both financial and material damage, which is applied as a result of difficult and dangerous situations.Such consequences of emergencies are divided into two main groups.
Direct damage
It generally includes any striking effects that can lead to damage and destruction of various objects of social or economic importance.In addition, this aspect, which includes part of the definition of "emergency" contains also a different kind of damage caused to the natural environment, as well as available resources.
indirect damage
In turn, this category is characterized by the suspension of the normal operation of business activities and so-called lost profits.In addition to this category of costs relate directly to the elimination of the most dangerous situation, as well as its possible long-term consequences.In connection with the above-described circumstances, emergency management now acquired a significant national character.It is the presence of hazards - both natural and man-made slope - due to the above events.Let us examine them in more detail.
Classification ES
As mentioned earlier, the nature of the emergency may be different.For example, environmental, technological, natural and so on.However, they are classified according to certain criteria that characterize the phenomenon viewed from various sides.
general division
basic classification distinguishes the previously described categories depending on the type of underlying causes.There has traditionally account for the sources of emergencies, as well as the most important indicators of their appearance.Often, at this stage, in addition to the main features, the factors considered and the types of supplies, extent and causes.However, in contrast to everything listed above it should be noted that when talking about the classification of such emergencies, as well as its main areas, it should be remembered that the dangerous situation is characterized by its diversity and originality.Thus, this fact can be considered one of the most important features of an emergency.Nevertheless, the dynamics of development of each of emergency can be conditionally divided into a number of stages.
Stages of development in today's world, the definition of "emergency situation" involves several stages.Consider every detail.The preliminary stage is the formation and development of one of the types of disasters (technological, environmental and so on).At this stage there is an accumulation of all possible deviations from the normal process.In turn, the first stage is characterized by the initiation of an emergency, as well as the subsequent proliferation of the process.Such a step is different from the others in that it begins a negative impact on people and their areas of activity.In particular, such processes are often involved economic facilities, present infrastructure and the natural environment.The second stage is determined by the Incident.Among other things, begins eliminating detectable effects distress (environmental, man-made or natural).In some cases, the beginning of the countdown stage can take even during the action of the first.But its end was marked, as a rule, the transition affected by the economic and social structures, as well as the population in the everyday and the so-called normal life.Thus, the third stage is traditionally include the elimination of the remaining long-term consequences.A characteristic feature of this stage is the fact that it takes place only if there is a need for the complete elimination of the results arising from emergencies.In this effort expended considered sufficiently significant and, most importantly, prolonged in time.Thus, their work can be considered an integral part of socio-economic activities, which is carried out to ensure the stability and further development of the affected region.
protection in emergencies
The term is a combination of different activities, which are interconnected by time, place and resources used.The main objective of these actions is to limit the decline, as well as the complete prevention of losses among the population and the elimination of the maximum threat to the health and normal life of each of its members.It should be remembered that the protection is carried out not only from the effects of direct sources, but also on the associated damaging factors.In turn, the need for training, as well as the introduction of the considered measures that fall into the category of protection "emergency: life safety," is caused, on the one hand, the right to protection of life and interests, which is available under the current legislation, and on the other - the risk of beingsusceptible to the effects of a disaster or accident.Thus, the above measures are an important part of prevention and elimination of hazardous environments, and therefore, can be performed as a preventive as well as at the operational level, depending on the nature of the potential threat.
stages of preparation
activities to protect the population during emergencies are traditionally held on the production-territorial principle.Thus, they may vary depending on the types of possible hazards.At present, widely used conduct explanatory conversations and introduction of simulated environments in an enterprise or organization.Thanks to such measures people can take all the proper training, without interruption from work.
main complex
As a rule, all training measures usually can be divided into several stages or categories.All of them together constitute the applicable law passed a set of protective measures for the protection of the population.Among such groups traditionally include:
- warning people of impending danger.In addition, should be periodically informed on the development and for addressing emergencies.
- evacuated from dangerous areas.
- possibilities of engineering protection of the population.
- Chemical and Radiation Safety.
- Measures for health care of citizens.
