few hundred years ago, and until the revolution the Russian Empire regularly expands its boundaries.Some joined in the territory as a result of military operations (most of them unleashed the opponent), the other - peacefully.For example, joining Russia in Central Asia took place gradually and without bloodshed.Most of the peoples of these lands themselves appealed to the empire with a request to take them.The main reason for that - protection.
In those days in the territory of Central Asia, home to many warring tribes of nomads.To protect themselves from attacks of a powerful enemy, you need to enlist the support of a powerful state.Thus, the territory gradually joined our country.How was the annexation of Central Asia to Russia?Features historical facts and his reader will learn from this article.
historical significance of
This important historic event, as the accession to Russia in Kazakhstan and Central Asia, can be assessed in different ways.At first glance, it was primarily the conquest followed by the establishment of a semi-colonial regime.However, the Central Asian nations and tribes, largely underdeveloped compared to the Europeans, had the opportunity to develop socially and economically, and at an accelerated pace.Slavery, patriarchal attitudes, widespread poverty and disunity of the peoples in the past.
given that the accession of Central Asia
economic and cultural development of the Central Asian part of the Russian empire the Russian government at the forefront.Created industry seemed unthinkable in this poor agricultural region.Agriculture is also to reform and become more efficient.Not to mention the development of social infrastructure in the form of schools, hospitals and libraries.A local customs indigenous nobody destroyed or banned, which gave impetus to the further prosperity of national cultural identity and the consolidation of society.Gradually Central Asia entered the Russian trade space and not become a satellite and not an isolated region on the map as a full part of the Russian Empire strong.
Start new territories
What is the history of joining Central Asia to Russia?If you look at old maps, one can see the land located in the south-east of the borders of the territory of Czarist Russia.This is Central Asia.It stretches from the mountains of Tibet to the Caspian Sea, on the borders of Iran and Afghanistan to the South Urals and Siberia.Living there for about 5 million people, by modern standards, much less the population of any of the major world capitals.
In terms of economic and social development of the Central Asian nations were very different from each other.The main differences are in the way of farming.Some give priority to animal husbandry, others - agriculture, and others - trade and various crafts.No industry was not in sight.Patriarchy, slavery and oppression of their feudal vassals were pillars of society ethnic groups in Central Asia.
little geography
Before the Central Asian possessions of the Russian Empire became such, they have been divided into three separate areas: the Bukhara Emirate and Khiva Khanate of Kokand.It was there that trade flourished, making Bukhara and Samarkand shopping centers in the region.Now Central Asia is five sovereign states.It Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan.
Attempts to establish foreign economic relations with these distant regions of Russia were undertaken in the first half of the XIX century.But the decisive action had not.That all changed when Britain had planned the invasion of Central Asia.The interests of two great powers of the past faced and the Russian Empire had no choice but to prevent the penetration of Britons to their own borders.
first expedition
both beginners joining Russia in Central Asia?The study of this area, of course, long been conducted by military strategists.The first three Russian expeditions to Central Asia for peaceful purposes.The scientific mission led by NV Khanykov, diplomatic - NP Ignatiev, and Ch Ch Valikhanov became the head of the trading expedition.
All this was done in order to establish contacts with foreign border region peacefully.Nevertheless, in 1863, there were preconditions for a military invasion of the incident in the Kokand Khanate.To the turmoil-torn feudal wars and confrontation between the peoples of the area is pumped harder.The result was the order to attack Russian troops.
first Russian military operation on the territory of Central Asia, began a campaign to Tashkent.He failed.But just two years of civil strife weakened the enemy, and then the city was handed over without a fight, though some historians argue that the small armed clashes still occur, and one of them died Seyit Sultan Khan.A year later joined the Russian Tashkent, Turkestan governor-generalship.
further advance
How annexation of Central Asia to Russia happens next?From 1867 to 1868 the military actions were in Bukhara.Local emir in collusion with the British declared war on Russia.But the Russian army after a series of victories forced the enemy to sign a peace treaty.Before the emergence of the Soviet Republic of Bukhara Bukhara was a vassal of Russia.
Khiva Khanate lasted almost exactly the same until 1920, when there was no imperial troops and the Red Army overthrew the khan.In 1876 Russia became a part of Kokand khanate.In 1885 the accession process of the Central Asian territory was almost complete.When the above-described events almost came to war with Great Britain, which has not only started thanks to the efforts of diplomats.
Accession Kazakhstan
When started annexation of Central Asia to Russia?The first turned to Russia Kazakhstan.Accession of the country began in the 20s of the XVIII century, long before the first expeditions to Central Asia.State tormented conflicts with neighboring tribes such as Dzhungars.This forced part of the Kazakhs to ask for Russian help.In 1731 Empress Anna Ivanovna officially accepted the request Abulhair Khan.
must say that Khan had his reasons to the treatment of the Russian crown, because not all like that, he was at the head of the territory under his control.At the same time the danger of invasion remained nomads.
Gradually other sultans of Kazakhstan took Russian citizenship.In 1740, another part of the country have joined the Russian Empire.The central and north-eastern regions of Kazakhstan have been attached by the military and political intervention, almost at the same time as an interest in other parts of the Central Asian region.
joining Russia in Central Asia lasted for several hundred years.As mentioned above, some areas voluntarily asked to take them, others were conquered.Here it is possible to emphasize the point that, in contrast to the same Great Britain, Russia has sought to assist in the development of the annexed territories and elsewhere to build various industrial and administrative facilities.Thus, joining Russia in Central Asia, even contributed to the development of the region.
