award "For Services to the Fatherland" was one of the rewards of the new Russian state.It was established in March 1994 by the decree of the President of the Russian Federation.He has several degrees and until 1998 was the highest award in the country.
Establishment
In the era of the Soviet Union, his leadership was established and produced many state awards, and most of them were related to the period of the Great Patriotic War.After the collapse of the Soviet Union from a legal and social point of view, there was some confusion with the awards, their importance in the new historical realities.However, four years since the birth of the new state was established award that to a certain extent continues the tradition of the Order of St. Vladimir.
Historical roots
Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" 1st degree, for that matter, and other degrees, marked by the motto "good, honor and glory."It is known that the motto of the Order of St. Vladimir wore.The award came in 1782 in honor of Prince Vladimir the Baptist by order of Catherine the Great and also had four degrees.The institution awards Empress confined to the twentieth anniversary of his reign.Medal awarded to both military personnel and civilians.And although a distinction could apply and the very lowest ranks of awarding priority to reward the highest degree could apply only officials level no lower than a privy councilor.Seven years later, Catherine as another additional feature to the fourth degree of the Order, which was issued for war merits and deeds, has added bow red and black colors.One of the first awarded such distinction was the great Russian general Mikhail Barclay de Tolly.Order acted up to the October 1917 coup.
Terms awarding
Statute of the Order "For Merit" award for excellence involves a wide range of services.It includes advances in strengthening the statehood of the country, socio-economic development in the field of sports, culture and arts, science and international cooperation, enhance the defense capability of Russia.
Until 1998, the award had the status of the highest state.Then in July, the head of state established a new Order of St. Andrew.In 2010, the premium system has undergone some improvements.The position of this Order was also supplemented with a few changes.
Award extent
State Order has four degrees.Higher is the order "For Merit" of 1 degree.Order of the first two degrees have a sign and a star, and the other two only suggestive sign.The process involves rewarding consistent Repose an award from the fourth to the first degree.It is understood that the presentation of the sign of the lower level of the hierarchy, the fourth, is possible only under the condition that the gentleman had already received the medal "Order of Merit" of the first degree, as well as the second.
for the military, which in the commission of military operations or in other circumstances, have shown the heroism, valor and distinguished themselves in the performance of tasks, is a modification of its award - the medal of the Order with swords.
Terms of delivery orders
Order "For Services to the Fatherland» IV degree can be awarded and the bypassing of fundamental rights.Persons, able to claim a higher award include oversight of the Hero of Russia, the Hero of Labor of the Russian Federation, the Hero of the Soviet Union and Hero of Socialist Labor.In addition, the number of award recipients can get, and holder of the Order of St. George, Alexander Nevsky, Ushakov, Suvorov.The Statute also allows the award, that it can be handed over and the person had not marked by any signs of public differences, if such a decision is the highest official of the Russian Federation.
There are also a number of rules to award marks the first two degrees.Thus, the Order "For Merit" of 1 degree is awarded twice a year - in honor of the Constitution Day of the Russian Federation and the Day of Russia.As a rule, an annual ceremony conducted at the Catherine Hall of the Kremlin, which is open to all the oversight of the award.Presentation makes himself president of the country.Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" 2nd degree is awarded in the same way.
External registration
Award by the rank has its own characteristics appearance.So, the two highest powers include the mark, and the star, while the two younger - only a sign.It also included two senior orders silk moire ribbon of dark red color.Badge of the Order, made of gilded silver, has the shape of a cross with equal and flared ends.Avers is coated by spraying a ruby enamel.Here in the middle imposed large gilded image of the State Emblem of Russia.On the reverse of the center medallion is superimposed on a circle which is an inscription - the motto of the Order of "benefit, honor and glory."Year established award is in the center of the composition - "1994".At the bottom of the medallion engraved with laurel branches.The lower the vertical beam of the cross put the serial number of awards.
largest cross part of the Order "For Merit" 1st degree.The distance between the wide end of the cross is six centimeters.Mounted on the tape width of 10 centimeters.The Order of the second degree, these figures are 4.5 and five centimeters.Third degree - five and 2.4 centimeters.The smallest cross the fourth degree, there is a distance between the ends of only four centimeters.It is attached to the pentagonal block lined with moire ribbon width of 2.4 cm by means ear and rings.
eight-pointed star of the Order is made of silver with polished Strahl, located between the main beams.The obverse of the silver medallion placed around the circumference of which the red enamel embossed letters engraved motto of the order (without the decimal point) and laurel branches.In the center of the medallion is placed on a black enamel gilded relief image of the State Emblem of Russia.On the reverse of the star - the serial number.Star size also depends on the degree.The first level involves the length between the opposite ends of 8.2 cm, the second degree - one centimeter less.
military award involves additional attributes - crossed swords.They are attached to the ring on the cross.The length of the sword - 2.8 cm width - three millimeters.
right to wear winning
Described in this material distinction is one of the highest state awards, has a fairly broad statute.They are provided, including prescription and over the wearing of insignia.The most festive appearance is the order "For Merit" of 1 degree.Badge of the Order is going through on the right shoulder belt.Star mounted on the left side of the chest below the awards on the terminal.If the gentleman has the Order of St. George, the reward is underneath.The same goes for the Star of the Order of the second degree.The presence of the first two degrees of the Order suggests wearing an all-star senior category.In this Order "For Merit" 2 degrees is on the neck ribbon.The same rules apply to the third degree.
youngest award is worn on the chest from the left block.If there is St. George the fourth degree, the award after it is placed.If there are several degrees of Commander of the Order is the highest sign of them.On military award with swords, this rule does not apply.Medals of the insignia is not worn if there is an order "For Merit".Orders and medals do not overlap, except for a military medal with swords.
Special nuances
addition to the basic form of the Order of the fourth degree, complete also attached a copy of his miniature.It can be worn on a daily basis and, in special cases.She, like the main award, secured after a miniature copy of the St. George a similar degree.
There are also some differences in the form of wearing orders and civilian clothes.In the former case the tape is attached to a bracket.If there is a reward of St. George, first put on the tape of this order, followed by tape "Merit."In a civil suit tape secured with outlet on the left side.
Awarded
the 21 years full gentlemen of the state award became 26 people.Angry scientists and cultural figures: the physicist and Nobel Prize winner Zhores Alferov, director of the Pushkin Museum, Irina Antonova, actor Leonid Armour, director Galina Volchek, opera singer Galina Vishnevskaya, actors Mark Zakharov, Vladimir Zeldin, ballerina Maya Plisetskaya, sculptor Zurab Tsereteli.Among politicians full gentlemen are one of the first Russian Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin, former President of Tatarstan Mintimer Shaimiev, Russian Security Council Secretary Nikolai Patrushev, the chairman of the Federation Council Valentina Matvienko, the head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Sergey Lavrov, head of the administration of the Russian president Sergei Ivanov, Chairman of the BoardDirectors of "Gazprom" Viktor Zubkov and the head of the FSB, Alexander Bortnikov.
However, much more interesting to see who was awarded the Order "For Services to the Fatherland» I degree.Among them you can see the former French President Jacques Chirac (awarded in 1997), Boris Yeltsin (2001), Patriarch Alexy II (in 2004), ex-president of Ukraine Leonid Kuchma (2004), the former head of Moscow YuriLuzhkov (in 2006), ex-president of Bashkortostan Murtaza Rakhimov.Among the famous artists of the highest state awards one have: singer and deputy Iosif Kobzon, the head of the Moscow Art Theatre Oleg Tabakov, the composer Alexander Pakhmutova actress Elina Bystritskaya.Twenty days before his death, the award was presented to the outstanding singer Lyudmila Zykina.
In May 2014, after the events concerning the accession of the Crimea and Sevastopol to Russia for the award were presented to the chairman of the State Council of Crimea Vladimir Konstantinov, and the former.about.Governor of Sevastopol, chairman of the city Legislative Assembly Alexey Chaly and the head of the Crimea Sergey Aksenov.
