Man has the ability to see the world in a variety of colors and shades.He can watch the sunset, emerald green, bottomless blue sky and other natural beauties.On the perception of color and its impact on the psyche and the physical condition of the person is the subject of this article.
What color
color is called the subjective perception of the human brain visible light, its spectral differences in the structure of perceived eye.People have the ability to distinguish colors better developed than that of other mammals.
Light affects the photosensitive receptors of the retina, and they then produce a signal transmitted to the brain.It turns out that the perception of color is formed in a complicated way in the chain: the eye (retinal and neural networks exteroreceptors) - visual images in the brain.
Thus, color - an interpretation of the world in man's consciousness resulting from the processing of signals from the light-sensitive eye cells - rods and cones.Thus the first responsible for the perception of color, and the second - for the sharpness of twilight vision.
"Color disorder"
eye responds to the three primary colors: blue, green and red.A brain perceives color as a combination of these three basic colors.If the retina loses its ability to distinguish any color, and he loses it.For example, there are people who are unable to distinguish green from red.In 7% of men and 0.5% of women are such features.Very rarely people do not see the colors around, it means that the receptor cells in the retina of them are not functioning.Some suffer from poor night vision - this means that they slabochuvstvitelnye sticks.Such problems arise for different reasons: as a result of vitamin A deficiency or hereditary factors.However, a person can adapt to the "color disorder", so without a special survey are almost impossible to detect.People with normal vision to be able to distinguish between thousands of shades.Human perception of color varies depending on the conditions of the world.The same tone looks different in the light of candles or in direct sunlight.But the human eye adapts quickly to these changes and identifies familiar color.
readable form
Know the nature of man all the time to discover new principles of world order - the symmetry, rhythm, contrast, proportion.These impressions, he was guided by transforming the environment, creating your own unique world.Later objects of reality engendered in the mind stable images, accompanied by a clear emotions.Perception of shape, size, color associated with an individual symbolic associative values of geometric shapes and lines.For example, in the absence of articulation, vertical man perceived as something infinite, incommensurable, soaring, light.Thickening the bottom or horizontal base makes it in the eyes of an individual more stable.But the diagonal represents the movement and dynamics.It turns out that the composition, based on clear horizontals and verticals, tends to solemnity, static, stability, and the image, based on the diagonal - to climate variability, instability and movement.
twofold impact
It is generally accepted fact that the perception of color is accompanied by a strong emotional impact.This problem has been studied in detail painters.Kandinsky noted that color affects a person in two ways.First, the individual experiences a physical effect when the eye is fascinated by any color or annoyed them.This impression is fleeting, if it comes to the usual subjects.However, in an unusual context (the painting of the artist, for example), the color can cause strong emotional experience.In this case, we can talk about a second color effect on the individual.
physical effects of color
numerous experiments of psychologists and physiologists confirm the ability of color to influence the physical condition of the person.Dr. Podolsky described human visual perception of color as follows.
- Blue color - has an antiseptic effect.It is useful to look at the suppuration and inflammation.Sensitive individuals blue tint helps better than green.But the "overdose" of this color is some depression and fatigue.
- Green - the hypnotic and analgesic.It positively affects the nervous system, relieves irritability, fatigue and insomnia, as well as raises the tone and reduces blood pressure.
- Yellow - stimulates the brain, so helps with mental deficiency.
- Orange - stimulates and accelerates the heart rate, without raising blood pressure.It improves mood, raises vitality, but over time can tire.
- Purple - affects the lungs, blood vessels, heart and increases the endurance of body tissues.
- red - has a warming effect.It stimulates the activity of the brain, eliminating the melancholy, but at high doses annoying.
kinds of colors
Different colors can be classified as impact on perception.There is a theory that all colors can be divided into stimulating (warm), disintegrating (cold), pastel, static, dull, dark, and warm cold dark.
Incentive (warm) colors contribute to the excitation, and act as irritants:
- red - vivacious, strong-willed;
- orange - cozy, warm;
- yellow - radiant in contact.
disintegrating (cold) tone mute excitement:
- purple - heavy, in-depth;
- Blue - emphasizes the distance;
- light blue - a guide leading off into space;
- blue-green - changeable emphasizing movement.
Pastel colors mute the impact of pure color:
- pink - a mysterious and delicate;
- purple - an isolated and closed;
- pastel green - soft, gentle;
- gray-blue - a low-key.
Static color balance and can distract from the exciting colors:
- pure green - refreshing, demanding;
- olive - softening, soothing;
- yellow-green - liberating, renewing;
- purple - pretentious, elegant.
Tone Deaf promote concentration (black);do not cause excitation (gray);quenched irritation (white).
warm dark color (brown) cause lethargy, inertia:
- Security - softens driving growth;
- earthy brown - stabilizes;
- dark brown - reduces anxiety.
Dark cool colors (black and blue, dark gray, green and blue) suppress and isolate irritation.
color and personality
perception of color largely depends on the personal characteristics of the person.This fact is proved in the works of the individual perception of color compositions German psychologist M. Luscher.According to his theory, staying in a different emotional and mental state of the individual can respond differently to the same color.This particular color perception depends on the degree of development of the individual.But even with a weak spiritual receptivity paint the surrounding reality is perceived ambiguously.Warm and bright colors attract the eye more than the dark.And at the same time clear, but poisonous color of concern, and a person's vision can not help looking cool green or blue tint to rest.
color in advertising
The advertising appeal color choice can not depend only on the taste of the designer.After all, how bright colors can attract the attention of a potential customer, and make it difficult to obtain the necessary information.Therefore, the perception of the shape and color of the individual should be taken into account when creating advertisements.Solutions may be the most unexpected: for example, on a colorful background of bright pictures involuntary attention will attract more human strict black-and-white ads, not the colorful lettering.
Children and color
perception of color children develops gradually.First, they differ only by the warm tones of red, orange and yellow.Then, the development of mental reactions leads to the fact that the child begins to perceive the blue, purple, blue and green.Only with age child becomes available the diversity of hues and shades.In three years of the kids, commonly referred to as two to three colors, and learn about five.And some children barely distinguish the main tone, even in the age of four.They are poorly differentiated colors barely remember their names replaced by intermediate shades of the spectrum of basic, and so on.In order for the child to learn to perceive the world around us, we must learn it correctly distinguish colors.
development of color perception
From an early age should be taught to color perception.Toddler is very inquisitive by nature and in need of a variety of information, but it must be administered slowly, so as not to irritate the delicate psyche of the child.At an early age, children usually associated the color with the image of an object.For example, green - herringbone, yellow - chicken, blue - sky and so on.Caregivers need to seize this moment and grow color perception, using natural forms.
color, unlike on the size and shapes, can only be seen.Therefore, in determining the tone big role compared by superimposing.If the two colors are placed side by side, each child will understand, they equal or different.At the same time he has no need to know the name of the painting, it is enough to be able to carry out tasks such as "Plant each butterfly on a flower of the same color."Once the child learns visually distinguish and match colors, it makes sense to start the selection of the sample, that is, to the actual development of color.You can use the GS Shvaiko book called "Games and gaming exercises for the development of speech."Introducing the colors of the world helps kids feel fuller and finer the reality, develops thinking, observation, enriches it.
Visual color
interesting experiment on himself put a resident of Britain - Neil Harbisson.From childhood he was not able to distinguish colors.Doctors found he had a rare defect of vision - achromatopsia.The boy saw the surrounding reality like black-and-white film and considered himself socially cut off man.Once Neil agreed to the experiment and allowed to implant in his head a special cybernetic tool that allows him to see the world in all its colorful diversity.It turns out that the perception of eye color is not necessary.At the back of the head of the Nile implanted chip and an antenna sensor, which capture vibration and convert it into sound.Thus each note corresponds to a particular color: F - red, middle - green, up - blue and so on.Now for the Harbissona visit to the supermarket is like visiting a nightclub, and a picture gallery reminds him march to the Philharmonic.Technology gave the Nile never seen before in nature feeling: visual sound.Man puts an interesting experiment with their new sense, for example, conveniently situated close to different people, studying their faces and composes portraits.
Conclusion
about color perception can talk endlessly.Experiment with Neil Harbissonom, for example, says that the human psyche is very plastic and can adapt to the most unusual circumstances.In addition, it is obvious that the people laid the desire for beauty, which is expressed in the inner world of the need to see the color, not monochrome.Vision - a unique and fragile instrument, the study of which takes a lot of time.Find out about it as much as possible to be helpful to everyone.
