Cattle feeds mankind now that the age row, giving us meat, milk and skins.Of course, in recent years, varieties of dairy cattle in many countries play a particularly important role, but still beef cattle breed are the basis of the well-being of many countries (Canada, Brazil, Argentina).
latter circumstance is due to the fact that in recent years have been marked by a constant increase in the cost of meat and meat products.Accordingly, the breeding of these animals is becoming more profitable occupation.Oddly enough, but the meat breeds of cattle in Russia is still very rare, and it is a pity.
Features such cattle
Note that there are more than thousands of different breeds of cattle.Refers to meat but no more than a hundred of them.These rocks are very unpretentious to climatic and environmental conditions, has good resistance to various diseases.With proper organization of breeding beef cattle species is extremely beneficial because it requires minimal human involvement in the process.The fact that these cows are not milked.Calves are also with their mothers for up to eight months, and any special care they require.
production quality beef cattle
If you compare them with the dairy breeds, they have a far more impressive productive qualities: 100 cows out about 95 calves, bulls just added per day by 1050-1200 grams of pure meat.And this despite the fact that per kilogram of weight gain is spent only 6.5-7 feed units.
importance of choosing the terrain
is important to note that the high results of cattle meat breed show only if you correctly select the optimum natural climate zone.If the breed is not adapted to your climate zone, the animals sharply reduced resistance to disease, there are problems with the reproductive function, as well as celebrated a long set of weights.
Simply put, the highest possible efficiency of the genetic basis of the animal will only be the case if it is contained in the same conditions as the conditions under which the breed occurred.For example, if you bring the bull Angus breed from the same Brazil, and decide to get out of it offspring in central Russia, it is unlikely that you will something worthwhile.
Do rocks favorable for beef cattle in Russia?
particularly favorable for the meat breeds of cattle are many areas of the North Caucasus.And, oddly enough, some areas in Western and Eastern Siberia.What breed of cattle give optimum yield of meat?The best results are obtained by Kalmyk, Kazakh Whitehead and Hereford.
Perhaps the focus on the latest varieties.Just a year and a half Hereford has reached the maximum weight per day and gobies was added 1500 grams.On average, per kilogram of bone leaves at least 5.5 kilograms of meat.Animals of this breed are extremely efficient use of all kinds of feed, which are used in their cultivation.So, from birth to slaughter per kilogram of weight gain is spent not more than 11.3 fodder units.This is a very flattering description of cattle meat breeds (almost all, not just Hereford).
It is worth mentioning the Aberdeen-Angus breed, which we have already mentioned above.Oddly, but in Russia these animals fit well, but need to purchase only those of its representatives who were already acclimatized in our country.In just 21 days, you can get a calf weighing up to 200 kilograms, and the average daily gain is not less than 800 grams.
In principle, the list of beef breeds of cattle can continue.Sounding not call us full, but we gave it only the species of livestock that can actually be cultivated in our climate.
growing technology
If you want to grow cattle meat breed, then you need to remember two main production stages:
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necessary to organize proper maintenance and reproduction of the herd calves obtained from their mothers for at least six to eight months.
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Intensive subsequent fattening calves, including sverhremontnogo.
The success
As you might guess, you can not receive income from breeding meat animals without a strong economy with fodder.Let us give a simple example.Suppose that one hectare of your land, you can get at least 20-30 quintals of oats (oats corresponds to one kilogram of feed unit).In this case, you can count on the content of the order of 110-120 animals.If you get a hectare 40-45 quintals of product, you can have about a hundred cows.
And it is - not all features of breeding cattle meat breeds.Let's talk about other details.
On what basis to create a meat farm?
There are several ways.First, you can purchase a purebred animals or purebred young.Today, there are also embryo transfer technology meat breeds of animals, resulting in a locally adapted variety of beef cattle.Finally, you can buy sperm of meat breeds and inseminate her most developed cows black-motley variety (local cattle).
Note that all the meat breeds of cattle - animals large.Pick up for the cattle crossing so that the cows had no injuries during childbirth.
Organization of reproduction of the herd
essence of the event - to collect annually from each cow, which reached physiological age, a healthy calf.This is extremely important because it is the only source of calves are products like beef cattle industry.Generally breeding beef breeds depends on several factors.It:
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condition forage base, the number of replacement chickens in your household.
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Terms insemination heifers.It should be noted that in this region need to act as carefully as possible: small animals cover approximately 15-16 months, and large - in the 17-18.The common herd they are taken not earlier than 24-25 and 26-27 months.These deadlines should be varied, given the overall physical condition of the animals.
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method of insemination.More recently, it was believed that in commodity herds admissible straight cage bulls (especially if practiced breeding beef cattle breeds).Now, this method is practically abandoned.Firstly, its use significantly increases the risk of leukemia herds.Secondly, it is very difficult to control the percentage of inseminated animals and to schedule hotel.
should be noted that in any case it is necessary to strive for the winter-spring hotel.The fact is that in this case the cows in the most important period of pregnancy are fed with fresh green fodder and calves, after a period of dairy food, immediately switch to full-fledged green fodder.All of this contributes to obtaining the most healthy and productive animals and breeding beef breeds becomes really profitable.
Checking the efficiency of insemination
in various literature can often find the statement that heifers should be compulsorily tested for pregnancy two months after insemination or natural mating.I would like to note that two months - too short a period.
In principle, an experienced vet or livestock can with high probability to determine pregnancy, but here there is a good chance early abortion: the fetus during this period is particularly tender, so that the slightest inattention while rectal examination may lead to the fact that the cow had a miscarriage onearly pregnancy.So experts advise to carry out research on the presence of pregnancy in three months.
number brakuemyh animals
Note that this time also very important for the proper organization of the reproduction process.It is estimated that 100 heads of adult animals every year have to enter at least 20 first-calf heifers.Thus, in the same period, you must withdraw from the herd as much adult cows, sending them further fattening prior to slaughter.
In principle, it is characterized by all livestock (cattle) .Myasnye cattle breeds should be cleaned from the poor animal carefully.
Warning barrenness
Here's the manifest once again the duality of the use of natural mating.On the one hand, the constant presence of the bull in the herd is almost completely eliminate the possibility that the calf is able to hunt would not be inseminated.On the other hand, in the case of abortion in the early stages of free content and insemination can lead to large financial losses due to lost profits.
In general, in any case we recommend to use artificial turf.But here, do not relax.Here are the main activities that will help get rid of heifers:
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All new batch of sperm checked without fail.If there are any violations, the party of seeds should be avoided in principle.
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Adopt a magazine for monitoring cases of heat detection, a separate log for registration insemination.
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constantly conduct a visual inspection of the herd.In case of animals with lesions of the external genitalia, it is important to promptly report to the veterinary specialist.
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If you are interested in the complete eradication of barrenness as a phenomenon of uncovered heifers (after three months of pregnancy is not identified) need to discard, regardless of their breeding value.
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In order to synchronize the cycle of hunting and insemination, it is recommended to use a hormonal stimulation.It is particularly useful when you want to cover animals that peregulyali physiological maturity.
Features of reproduction from meat breeds
As we have already said, the breed of beef (cattle) are characterized by long-term presence calf with his mother.This approach contributes to high rates of growth of the animal.But fraught with some problems.
The fact is that because of the constant mechanical stimulation of the udder cows are several hormonal system is rebuilt, resulting in increased incidence of "quiet" hunting that common visual methods are not detectable.In this case, you need to apply more detailed inspection techniques.In addition, should focus on the magazine identified hunts.
In addition, meat breeds of cattle have other striking features.For example, they have a very pronounced seasonality of sexual cycles.In principle, there is no problem with that: it's more convenient to focus on the very winter-spring hotel, which we mentioned above.
How to save the maximum number of calves?
As we have already said, calves - is the only production of beef cattle, but because their safety need to pay special attention.We strongly recommend to read the following:
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necessary to make the plan regularly performed veterinary and zoo-technical measures.These include vaccination, clinical examination of animals, quality of feed and constant fixation of dates and their effectiveness insemination.
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Farms, which contained cattle, must necessarily be subject to disinfection and disinfestation.
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important to note that on the farm should not have access, not only to outsiders, but also wild and feral animals that are the natural reservoirs of infectious and parasitic diseases.
Here's how to organize the cultivation of meat breeds of cattle.
Organization of loose housing
In recent years, this method has once again started to occupy a dominant position in all countries where there is more or less livestock development.Its obvious advantages.Animals are exposed to less stress, more time where they are in motion.In addition, the simplified procedure for feeding and manure removal, which allows cheaper production by reducing the number of staff and opening hours.
There are two ways of range conditions: a fully open areas and spacious rooms.Often these methods are combined, which allows to achieve optimum results.What about the calves?After all, if you keep them in the same room with adult animals, they will be difficult to feed !?
proceed as follows.Paddock indoor done so that the barrier between the bars calves could pass freely.In the center will be a platform where the calves will further feed the workers.Along the perimeter of the barn would be appropriate to organize a "den" for cows, which bude quite dry straw.Here, the animals will have a rest.
In the south of the country most fully satisfied with the open backyard area.In the middle of the site is an indoor paddock, which lay at least half a meter of dry straw.Even in a southern winter (which is pretty cool), the animals will still be warm.The fact that their urine and faeces, which will quickly wetted straw promote biochemical reactions in which allocated fairly substantial amount of heat.
course, that for the hotel ahead of time to drive away the animals need to individually tailored for this space.This will prevent the death of animals from dyspepsia, and cows will significantly reduce the probability of occurrence of mastitis.
Throughout the cold period of the litter was gradually added, but a complete cleaning pen do not produce.In the spring, when the animal is transferred to the pastoralist way of free-range content to simply drive the bulldozer and raked out all accumulated manure.About
free mating
And more.If you do decide to use the insemination bull, you should be aware of the optimum load on it.It is believed that one producer should account for no more than 35-40 cows.Basically, the load can be increased, but the bull must be in good shape.Furthermore, it is desirable to arrange it dressing protein feeds (including animal origin).
Here's what to look for if you are going to breed cattle meat breed.
