black-motley cows belongs to the category of pure-bred animals and is in high demand among farmers.High productivity of milk - the main quality of the breed.In this article we consider the features of breeding and black-motley cows.
Breed
cows of black-motley breed derived by crossing several breeds of Dutch.Cattle Black-and-White color has a good physique, strong bones and is very close.The body of an animal is proportional, back straight, straight legs set straight.The average weight of cows is 500-650 kg and the bull - 950-1000 kg.Calves are usually born with a weight of about 40 kg.Meat quality animal acceptable.Milk - the main purpose for which bred black-and-white cow.The productivity of this breed is very high.Thus, the average milk yield per cow can range from 4,000 to 6,500 kg of milk.The indicator of its fat content is more than 3.5%.
black mottled cows easily adapt to different climatic conditions and have extremely good health.Due to the rapid acclimatization, the animals are well adapted in different countries.Among the dairy cows on the number of livestock they hold second place.Nowadays, scientists are working on the improvement of black-and-white animals by breeding pure breed, taking into account the climatic conditions of different territorial zones.To improve the physical properties and increase productivity using Dutch and Holstein-Friesian bulls.
History of breed
cows of black-motley breed were bred in the Soviet period.Thus, in the years 1930-1932.to Russia from Holland, the Baltic states and Germany brought a large number of black-and-white animals, which are located in various regions of the country.Since then we began to actively breed cows as a pure breed and crossed with other species, which are kept separately.Thus, as a result of prolonged operation under different conditions of housing, feeding, breeding managed to bring heterogeneous breed of cattle, which in 1959 approved under the name of "black-and-white cow."
Types breed
As a result, the breed was able to get several types of black-and-white cows that are different amounts of milk yield, milk fat and adaptation to climatic conditions:
- Black-and-white cow central regions of Russia - is derived as a result ofcrossbreeding with the Dutch breed Kholmogory and Yaroslavl.Animals of this type are quite large and give high yield of milk (in the year 6000 kg), but they are inferior in milk fat content - not more than 3.6%.
- black-motley breed of the Urals - formed by crossing Tagil cows ostfrizami and partly with rocks from the Baltic states.These cows are less productive (3700-5500 kg milk per year), but superior to other varieties in terms of fat content - 3.8-4%.
- black-motley cows Siberia - created as a result of cross-breeding with local breeds ostfzriskoy Siberian cows.This beast smaller, slightly less than the previous types of productivity.Thus, the average milk yield is from 3500 to 5000 kg of milk.Indicator average fat content (from 3.7 to 3.9%).
Zone breeding cows
breeding of black-motley breed of cattle is observed in all regions of Russia.The largest number of cattle there are in the north-western regions of the country, Western and Eastern Siberia, the Urals, North Caucasus and the Far East.The most popular breed in Moldova and southern Ukraine.
Features
breeding and breeding of black-motley cattle is almost the same as other types of cows.But before we get to such animals should be possible to calculate the costs of its maintenance and the planned profit.Black-and-white dairy breed cows with proper care can provide a good income, but instead require much effort.Thus, livestock consists of a set of procedures: milking, feeding, cleaning stables, hay, and so on. D.
When breeding of black-motley cattle important to think about the place where he will be.It should be dry, warm and spacious (minimum 20 square meters).Special attention needs winter maintenance.Usually in December a cow is pregnant, but she continued to milk.The body of pregnant cows because of intensive milk production is in great suspense.During this period the animal needs greater care.Thus, the need to ensure that the cow is well ventilated, lit barn.The room temperature should be optimal for the animal does not supercool.The ideal temperature - 5 to 12 ° C.
Lactation and milking
cows black-motley breed milked in the same way as other dairy cows.So, they give a good yield of up to 12-17 lactation, although this time they are kept in rare cases.The maximum amount of milk can be prepared between 4 and 5 lactations.
great impact on the productivity and quality of care have conditions in which remains black-motley breed of cows.The yield may be great, if you do the basic rules of the content of cattle.With a calm and gentle handling a cow tied to the owner and is easy to learn the skills of behavior.
Sexual maturity occurs in cows in 6 months, but the case of the bulls yet.Economic maturity at 16 months when live weight of the animal is not less than 70% of adult cows.
Features feeding
owners of black-motley cows should be aware that due to the large size, it requires more food.Thus, one year to the animal to be at least 20 p and hay, moreover, fodder concentrates and juicy.From cow power depends on the quality and quantity of milk.
In winter in the barn should be placed bird feeder.In size it should contain one serving of hay.Also in the room you need to put a barrel of water to the cow could get a drink at any time.If the water in the barn in winter freezes, the barrel can be kept always full.Update desirable to drink at least once a day, since the muzzle of the animal in the water gets a lot of food, and she quickly goes out.If the winter in a stable thermometer freezing temperatures, the water should be given every time fresh.
Depending on the size and age of the volume of food in the winter can be a little different.To have enough food, it is advisable to prepare about 30 centners of straw and hay, and 55 c juicy fodder.This is the main food that should be fed black-motley breed of cows.Feeding forage recommended 100 g per 1 liter of milk yield.If a large amount of milk produced, the dose can be increased.
If there is a young, winter food reserves should be at 15 and 9 q rough q succulent fodder per head.
Troubleshooting content
breed cows of black-motley breed characterized by good health and high milk productivity.But even the high yielding cow can produce insufficient milk yield.And it may be associated not only with a bad heredity, but also by external factors.Thus, the productivity of cattle affected by such factors as time of year, nutritious food, climate, age, live weight, the duration of rest before calving.Also black-motley cows require careful maintenance and quality content.Scientists conducted an experiment during which two of the same mother Cows were kept in different conditions.One was in a well-furnished barn and the other was kept in a harsh environment.In the first case of high yielding increased Cows's nurse, and the second - an ordinary cow.
