Since ancient measure of length and weight have always been a person: how much he put his hand as he can raise on his shoulders, etc.
ancient system measures the length included the following key measures: a mile, seven feet, yards, elbow, inch and inch.
ARSHIN - an old Russian measure of length equal to, in the modern calculus 0,7112m.Yardstick, as well, called the gauge, which is usually applied in the division vershoks.
There are different versions of the origin yardstick measure of length.Perhaps, initially, "yardstick" denotes the length of a human step (approximately seventy centimeters during normal walking across a plain, at an average pace) and is the base value for other major measures determining the length of distances (seven feet, Milestone).The root of the "AR" in word and p m and n - in Old Russian language (and others from neighboring peoples) means "earth", "the surface of the earth", "furrow" and points out that this measure could be applied in determining the lengthcovered foot path.There was another name for the measure - STEP.Practically, the score could be done in pairs adult steps, normal physique ("malymisazhenyami"; one-two - one, one-two - two, one-two - three ...) or triples ("breech fathoms", a one-twoor three - one, one-two-three - the two ...), and the measurement of steps short distances, applied step by step account.Later, steel also apply, under the same name, an equal amount - arm's length.
For small measures the length of the base value was applied From ancient Rus measure - "span" (c 17 th century - the length equal to the span named already different - "a quarter of a yard", "quarter", "chet"), from which by eye, it was easy to get a smaller proportion - two inches (1/2 inch) or inch (1/4 inch).
merchants selling goods, as a rule, were measuring him with his yardstick (ruler) or a quick - measuring out 'from the shoulder. "To exclude measurement, was introduced by the authorities, as a reference - "official yardstick", a wooden ruler, at the end of which the rivet ferrules with state stamp.
STEP - the average length human steps = 71 cm. One of the earliest measures of length.
SPAN (pyadnitsa) - Russian ancient measure of length.SMALL SPAN (saying - "span", from the 17th century it was called - "a quarter") - the distance between the ends of spaced thumb and index (or middle) finger = 17,78 cm.Large span - the distance between the tips of the thumb and little finger (22-23 cm.).P I L L With tumbling ("span a somersault", according to Dahl - 'n i e s a somersault') - a span with the addition of two joints of the index Mace = 27-31 cm
our old painters spans measured value icons "nineicons - seven spans (1 3/4 yard).Pure Tikhvin on gold - pyadnitsa (4 inches).Icon Georgy great deeds tetyrёh spans (in 1arshin) »
Verstov - Old Russian waypoint measure (its earlier name - '' field '').This word originally referred to the distance traveled from one turn to the other plow during plowing.Two names for a long time were used in parallel as synonyms.There are references in written sources of the 11th century.The manuscripts of the XV century.there is a record, "field fathoms 7 hundred and 50" (length of 750 fathoms).Before Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in 1 verst thought 1000 fathoms.When Peter the Great was equal to one mile of 500 yards in a modern calculus - 213,36 X 500 = 1066.8 m. "Versts" is also called a milepost on the road.The value of a mile repeatedly changed depending on the number of yards that were part of it, and the amount of fathoms.Legal Code was established in 1649 "mezhevaya Milestone" in 1000 fathoms.Later, in the XVIII century, along with it, and began to be used "road Milestone" 500 fathoms ("pyatisotnaya Milestone").
Megeve Verstov - Old Russian unit of measurement equal to two miles.Verstov 1,000 yards (2.16 km) is widely consumed as a landmark action, usually in determining the pastures around the major cities and on the outskirts of Russia, especially in Siberia - and measure distances between settlements.
500 fathoms Milestone used less frequently, mostly for measuring distances in the European part of Russia.Long distances, especially in Eastern Siberia, determined in days away.In the XVIII century.HOAR vёrsty gradually replaced travel, and the only hole in the XIX century.Milestone is "road", equal to 500 fathoms.
fathoms - one of the most common measures of length in Russia.Different purposes (and therefore value) has been more than ten yards."Makhovaia seven feet" - the distance between the ends of the fingers widely separated hands of an adult male."Bias yards" - the longest: the distance from the toe of the left foot to the end of a raised middle finger of his right hand.It is used in the phrase: "he oblique seven feet at the shoulders' (in the sense - the hero, the giant)
This ancient measure of length referred to Nestor in 1017g.Title and w e n s comes from the verb syagat (overtaketh) - how much you could reach out a hand.To determine the value of old Russian fathoms played a major role discovery of stone on which was carved Slavic letters the inscription: "In the summer of 6576 (1068 YG) indiction 6 days Gleb prince ... Meryl 10,000 and 4,000 yards."A comparison of this result with the topography measurement value obtained fathoms 151.4 cm. With this value matched temples measurement results and the value of Russian national measures.There measuring fathoms of rope and wood "Triptych", which had the use in the measurement of distances in the construction and land surveying.
According to historians and architects, has been more than 10 yards and they had their names were incommensurable and not multiples of one another.Fathoms: a policeman - 284.8 cm, untitled - 258.4 cm, great - 244.0 cm, Greek - 230.4 cm, breech - 217.6 cm, royal - 197.4 cm, the church - 186.4See, folk - 176.0 cm masonry - 159.7 cm, simple - 150.8 cm, small - 142.4 cm and another untitled - 134.5 cm (data from the same source), as well as -yard, pavement.
Makhov fathoms - the distance between the ends of the middle fingers stretched arms - 1,76m.
oblique fathoms (originally "Kosovo") - 2,48m.
Fathoms were used before the introduction of the metric system.
ELBOW equal to the length of the fingers of the hand to the elbow (according to other sources - "the distance in a straight line from the elbow to the end of the elongated middle finger").The value of this ancient measure of length, according to various sources, ranged from 38 to 47 cm. Since the 16th century, gradually replaced yardstick in the 19th century and almost never used.
Elbow - originally old Russian measure of length, is already known in the 11th century.The value of ancient elbow 10.25-10.5 inches (on average about 46-47 cm) was obtained from the comparison of measurements in the Temple of Jerusalem, made abbot Daniel, and later measurements of the same size in a replica of the temple - the main temple of the New Jerusalem Monasteryon the river Istra (XVII).Elbow is widely used in the trade as a particularly convenient measure.In retail canvas, cloth, canvas - l on to the Article was a basic measure.In a large wholesale trade - canvas, cloth, etc., comes in the form of large cuts - "put" in length at different times and in different locations ranged from 30 to 60 cubits (in areas of trade, these measures have a specific, well-defined value)
PALM= 1/6 elbow (elbow shestiladonny)
inch equaled 1/16 yard, 1/4 quarter.In the modern calculus - 4,44sm.Name "Vershok" comes from the word "top".The literature XVII.meet and share an inch - and half an inch chetvertvershki.
In determining the growth of the human or animal expense was conducted after two yards (required for normal adult): If we say that 15 inches was measured growth, it meant that he was 2 feet of 15 inches, that is,209 cm.
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Articles Source: i-fakt.ru
