Rationing at work allows an objective to establish a relation between the volume of work and pay.The volume of work can be expressed as the amount of work done, the number of serviced equipment, number of employees, time of performance.Key used to practice methods of work - an analytical and experimental statistics.If the analytical method: normalized process is divided into elements;then stand all the factors that influence the duration of the execution of each element (organizational, physiological, technical, social, economic);modeled the optimal composition of the process and sequence of its constituent elements, taking into account the best combination of factors that affect their duration.
Experimental-statistical methods of work (additional methods) imply a definition of standards for the entire scope of work without an analysis of its constituent elements.Experimental method is applied in the case of determining the rules on the basis of personal experience specialist standardization, statistical - based on actual costs for similar work previously.Melon methods of work are not scientific, since the development of standards is not made an analysis of the actual working conditions.
choose one or the other method should be based on what will be used by the results of the valuation.After all, labor standards - a tool used to achieve the goal, so the cost of it must comply with the final result.For example, if you want to give a single production target, it is sufficient to apply the normal time or in the production of the same work.Conversely, for the development of standards that will be used for a long period of time and (or) for mass production, it is best to use the analytical methods of work.
They come in two varieties: analytical research and analysis and settlement.In the first case, the time required for all of the elements and the overall process are by direct measurement of the workplace (timing, picture of the working time).In the second case, the amount of time are using a science-based regulations (local, sectoral, cross-sectoral).Most enterprises use a combination of types of analytical methods.Less labor-intensive ones - computational and analytical.
norms is not something permanent, they are subject to revision in the event of measures of organizational and technical plan, the development of new types of employees work (non-standard work is typical).Among the organizational and technical measures should be made:
- modernization and commissioning of new equipment;
- improvement of products, tools, equipment;
- the introduction of advanced technologies;
- automation and mechanization of processes;
- rationalization;
- improving the organization of labor.
introduction of new standards should be done in compliance with the Labour Code and systematically.
