Unemployment is the inevitable companion of a market economy and exists in every country.In addition to inflation, it is the most important factor in reducing the standard of living of the population.What is this phenomenon?Unemployment
called temporary unemployment working population.It occurs in a situation where the supply of labor for any reason exceeds demand.The reason may be the economic recession, when reduced production volumes and released thousands of workers, modernization of production, in which the new technologies being introduced require fewer human resources, and more.Different forms of unemployment caused by different reasons.
Unemployment is a serious problem for the economy.If its a small level is useful as a reserve with the increase in production, the highest growth means not only underproduction of GDP, but also social and political unrest until the change of power.
For ordinary citizens, unemployment is still a serious problem.The man lost his job, is experiencing serious difficulties in the financial and moral terms.In addition to the physical constraints and falling living standards, he experiences great stress, feels thrown out of life, unprotected.Self-assessment of the unemployed sharply reduced, especially if you find a new job did not succeed.In some cases, involuntary unemployment leads to a degradation of the person, pushing the person to alcoholism and drug addiction.Consequently, it is also a serious social problem.
Economists distinguish the following main forms of unemployment:
structural unemployment.It is associated with the introduction of new technologies, modernization of production, with the number and qualification of labor reserves are continually reviewed.As a rule, part of the work is subject to dismissal, part - retraining.
Frictional unemployment.This is a natural process of movement of workers between enterprises, industries and cities.As a result, finding a new job any part of the working age population is currently not always busy, which is a natural process.These forms of unemployment (structural and friction) are inevitable and natural in a market economy.
cyclical.Caused by a fall in demand for goods and services and, consequently, reduction in working in their respective industries.Such a reduction in production occurs in times of economic crisis.
season.Associated with different production volumes in different seasons, characterized mainly for the construction and agricultural industries.
Hidden unemployment.Inherent in mainly the Russian economy.It consists in the fact that in the fall of production of the company instead of layoffs "extra" workers are sent on unpaid leave them, translate into reduced time.Formally, these people do not belong to empty, but in fact all signs of unemployment.
Other forms of unemployment to a greater or lesser extent, connected with the personality of a man, his desire to work.As it is known, has the status of unemployed people of working age, are temporarily unemployed, actively seeking work and ready to start working immediately.Unemployed persons must be registered in special centers of employment and do not have to abandon the proposed work there, if it corresponds to their qualifications.
At the same time there is a certain stratum of unemployed working-age population, whose members do not look for a job.
term unemployment.It is typical for the transition period of the economy, leading to delays in the process of finding a suitable job.People are permanently in search of work, desperate to find a job and supplement category of "eternal seeking."It also includes representatives of the lower strata of society, which due to lack of education and specific training to find a job very difficult.
voluntary unemployment.A certain contingent of people reject any kind of employment, and, strictly speaking, can not be considered unemployed.These are people who have a source of income in the form of, for example, rent or interest on deposits and do not require work from an economic point of view.It also may include housewives, busy raising children, and do not plan to receive an independent income.
There are other forms of unemployment - regional, youth and so on. D.
