Probably every motorist confronted with the problem of a dead battery.This trouble can happen to any driver, if you do not pay the power supply of the machine enough attention.
We'll talk about why discharged car batteries, and the nature of their charging at home.
Why the battery lasts
usually life modern automotive battery is 5-6 years if proper operation and timely service.After this time, pack wear and restore it is almost impossible.
However, it often happens that even a relatively new battery stops working.The reasons for this may be several:
- car for a long time stood without movement, especially during the cold season;
- insufficient quantity and density of the electrolyte in the banks;
- problems in the electrical vehicle;
- demolition workers battery plates and others.
If the machine is a long time without moving, the battery is not getting charged, discharged.Especially quickly this happens in the cold.Enough so that the car stood two or three weeks, and you can not make it.
During operation, the battery electrolyte is slowly evaporating.If not control its amount with time this will result in the fact that the battery will lose its properties.
cause of discharge can also be a variety of problems with the electrical equipment.This may be a short circuit, no charge, the generator and cause problems other.
In case of destruction of the battery plates of workers is better not to exploit - this can cause an internal short-circuit, which is fraught with failure of other electrical equipment and even fire.
How to prepare a battery to be charged
If the battery is discharged, no need to rush to take her to the service.Charge it can on its own, of course, if you have a battery charger, plus you know ways to charge the battery of the machine.But before the battery must be prepared for it.
to start it must be removed from the vehicle by removing the terminals.If the battery remained for some time in the cold, it must be attributed to the room and give a few hours for thawing before attempting to charge.
Charge the battery at home, you can not select from the machine, but this should be done only in a dry, warm place, preferably in a garage.
If the battery is serviced, before recharging is necessary to unscrew the lid cans and check the electrolyte.If necessary, top up with him.And then, without screwing cork, start charging.
And more.Before you charge the battery charger, you need to know its capacity.It is usually indicated on the label and is measured in ampere-hours (Ah, A / h).This value is needed to calculate the optimal charging current.
few words about security measures
Before you charge the battery at home, it is useful to learn a few simple rules that will protect you and your loved ones during this process.
- Firstly, the room in which will be charged, should be well ventilated.Fumes emitted during the process (sulfur dioxide, hydrogen, etc..) Are not safe for health.
- Second, charging the battery is prohibited to carry out near open flames and heating devices.
- And thirdly, any battery charger powered by the network, so do not leave it unattended for a long time.
charging methods
There are three basic ways of charging:
- constant voltage (voltage 14,5-16,5 V with current decreases from 45 to 20 A);
- direct current (charging current is equal to 10% of battery capacity);
- combined method (first constant current, then constant voltage).
After selecting the optimal variant of the DC you have to wait 24 to 48 hours.In the first case, the charging voltage is set to 16.5 V, and the second - 1.4 V. The battery is charged slowly "gaining strength", leveling the difference between the performance of the battery and charger.
method allows DC to charge the battery at home for 10 hours.It is important to accurately determine the charging current.As already mentioned, it must be equal to one tenth of the battery capacity.In other words, if your battery capacity is 55 A / h, it is necessary to expose the charging current of 5.5 A. In this case, when the battery voltage reaches 14.4 V, it is necessary to reduce to 3 A, and at 15 V - 1.5A.
combined method combines the first two and is considered by far the best.For this method, there are special automatic battery chargers, which can be used without constant supervision.
If you do not desire to understand how to charge the battery charger by means of the described methods, use these operating tips for quick and fully charged.They do not require special knowledge in the field of electrical engineering, and therefore suitable even for beginners.
quick way to recharge
How to charge the battery of the car?This question is no single answer.For each need a different time.Typically, full charge requires 12 to 24 hours.However, charge the battery at home and can be faster.This, of course, is not entirely correct, but if you do not have time to wait, use the fastest way.
To do this, a car battery can not be removed, it is enough to turn it off by removing the terminals.Unscrew the lid cans (if it served the battery), check the amount of electrolyte.If there is a need and an opportunity to refill.
Then connect the terminals to the battery charger, strictly observing the polarity.Only then can connect to a network.Plug the charger, current regulator set its maximum value.
After 30 minutes, the charging is stopped.This time is quite enough to recharge the battery is defective and unable to start the engine.His further charge - business generator, unless of course we are not dealing with electrical malfunctions.
full charge
If you have time, it is better to make a full charge the battery using a small current.This method allows to charge the battery at home gently to the maximum.
Remove the battery from the car after removing the terminal.Set it on a flat surface.Unscrew the plug, check the electrolyte.Attach the terminal of the charger, not forgetting to observe and check the polarity.Connecting to the network 220 and the charging current is set at 10% of the battery capacity.Leave for 10-12 hours, do not forget to check the progress.
How should show a charged battery?
How do you know that the battery is fully charged?We often hear that the battery charge level can be checked with a voltmeter.There, they say, 12 - means everything charged.In fact this is a false method.Determine the battery only in terms of capacity, and for this we need a hydrometer.
If you do not, have to settle for exemplary performance.Most modern batteries on the body there are indicators, which can determine whether or not he is charged.
But if the indicator is not, just look at the ammeter device.The more the battery is discharged, the more current it consumes during the procedure, as well as charging its value will gradually decrease.The battery can be considered charged when the ammeter needle points to zero.That's why, in fact, the question of how much should show a charged battery, you can confidently answer - at all!
Can I charge the battery without a charger?
And what if there is no charger?The easiest way in this case, ask someone "podkurit" from his car.For this purpose, high voltage cable terminals with special clamp.They jumped on the battery terminals are operating the machine and discharged battery terminals connected to the electrical equipment of a vehicle, with the correct polarity.Then you have to wait for some time (5-10 minutes) to the discharged battery to recharge a little bit, and make the engine run.When the car start, the cable disconnect.The battery will start charging from the generator.
But how to charge the battery without the charger if there is no possibility of "a light"?In this situation, you can try to make a charging adapter with a laptop, but there are some nuances.Firstly, most of these devices do not give a current greater than 2.5 A, so the charge will be very long.And secondly, there is a high probability that the adapter will not sustain the counter-current load and burn.
Whatever it was, it's worth a try, especially if there is no alternative.
