teachings of John Locke had a significant impact on questions of philosophy, education, law and the state, which were relevant in the mid-17th century.He is the founder of a new political and legal doctrines, which later became known as the "doctrine of the early bourgeois liberalism."
biography
Locke was born in 1632 in a Puritan family.Educated at Westminster School and Christ Church College.In college, he began his scientific career as a teacher of Greek, philosophy and rhetoric.During this period tied acquaintance with the famous natural scientist Robert Boyle.Together with him, Locke spent metrological supervision, deeply studied chemistry.Later, John Locke seriously studied medicine and in 1668 became a member of the Royal Society of London.
In 1667 John Locke met with Lord Ashley Cooper.This extraordinary man was in opposition to the royal court and criticized the current government.John Locke leaves the teaching and settles the estate of Lord Cooper as his friend, companion and personal physician.
political intrigue and a failed attempt to make a palace coup Lord Ashley flee their native shores.Behind him emigrate to Holland and John Locke.The main ideas that have brought well-known scientists, were formed precisely in exile.Years spent in a foreign country, have been the most productive in the career of Locke.
changes that occurred in England in the late 17th century, Locke allowed to return home.Philosopher willing to work with the new government, and for some time took important posts in the new administration.The post is responsible for trade and colonies becomes the last in the career of a scientist.Lung disease causes him to resign, and the rest of his life he spent in the town of Oates, the estate of his close friends.
Next in philosophy
main philosophical work of the scientist known as "Essay Concerning Human Understanding."In the treatise reveals a system of empirical (experimental) philosophy.The basis for the conclusions are not logical reasoning, but actual experience.So says John Locke.The philosophy of this plan was in conflict with the existing world.In this work, the scientist argues that the basis for the study of the world is a sensual experience, and only with the help of surveillance can receive accurate, real and obvious knowledge.Next
religion
scientific works of the philosopher and concern the developments of religious institutions that existed at that time in England.There are manuscripts of "Protection of non-conformism" and "Essay on Toleration", authored by John Locke.The main ideas were outlined in these unpublished treatises, and full system unit of the Church, the problem of freedom of conscience and religion has been presented in the "Letter Concerning Toleration."
This work establishes for everyone the right to freedom of conscience.Scientist urges state institutions to recognize the choice of religion an inalienable right of every citizen.The true church in their activities, according to the scientist, to be merciful and compassionate dissent;the power of the Church and the teachings of the Church should stop the violence in any form.However, the tolerance of believers should not apply to those who do not recognize the legal laws of the state, denies the moral standards of society and the very existence of God, according to John Locke.The main idea of the "message of tolerance" - the equality of rights of all religious communities and separation of state power from the church.
«Reasonableness of Christianity as it is presented in the Scriptures," the latest work of the philosopher, in which he asserts the unity of God.Christianity, first of all - a set of moral standards, which must adhere to each person, according to John Locke.Proceedings of the philosopher in the field of religion religious teachings enriched by two new areas - English deism and latitudinarizmom - the doctrine of toleration.
Next in theory of law
his vision of a just society J. device. Locke outlined in the work "Two treatise on the polity."The basis for works is the doctrine of the origin of the state of "natural" human society.According to the scientist, in the early days of humanity did not know wars, all were equal, and "no one has more than another."However, in such a society, no regulatory authorities that would be resolved any disagreements, solved property disputes, used to do a fair trial.In order to ensure the civil rights of people formed a political community - a state.Peace Education public institutions based on the consent of all the people - the basis for the creation of the state system.So says John Locke.
main idea of the state of social transformation is the formation of political and judicial organs, which would protect the rights of all people.For the state is entitled to use force to protect themselves from foreign invasion, as well as to monitor compliance with domestic laws.The theory of John Locke set out in this work, asserts the right of citizens to remove a government that does not fulfill its function or abuses of power.
Next pedagogy
«Some Thoughts Concerning Education" - J. essay. Locke, in which he states that a child has a decisive influence environment.At the beginning of its development, the child is under the influence of parents and educators who are for him a moral model.As the child gets older freedom.I pay attention to the philosopher and physical education of children.Education, as stated in the book, should be based on the use of practical knowledge necessary for life in bourgeois society, not on the study of scholastic science without practical use.This work has been criticized by the Bishop of Worcester, whom Locke repeatedly engage in polemics, defending his views.
trace in the history of
philosopher, lawyer, religious leader, teacher and writer - all this is John Locke.The philosophy of his treatises meet practical and theoretical demands of the new century - the century of the Enlightenment, discovery, new sciences and new states.
