Probably everyone faced with a word such as "Aporia".This is not surprising, since many have studied at the university course in philosophy.However, not everyone knows the essence of the word and be able to interpret it correctly.
Zeno of Elea - an outstanding monument of human thought.This is one of the most interesting problems in the philosophy of ancient Greece, which shows just how paradoxical can be quite obvious on the face of things.
Zenon: a brief biography of the sage
about the page life of ancient Greek philosopher, we almost nothing is known.And the information that reached us, is highly controversial.
Zeno of Elea - Ancient Greek philosopher, born in 490 BC in Elea.He lived 60 years and died (presumably) in 430 BC.Zeno was a pupil and adopted son of another famous philosopher - Parmenides.By the way, according to Diogenes, he was also a lover of his teacher, but these data strongly rejected grammars Athens.
first dialectician (Aristotle by saying) became known for his logical conclusions, which are called "Zeno's".The philosophy of Zeno of Elea - consists entirely of paradoxes and contradictions, why it is even more interesting.
tragic death of the philosopher
Secrets and mysteries of life and death is shrouded in great philosopher.He is also known as a policy activist, because of which he died.Zeno, according to some sources, led the fight against the tyrant of Elea Niarchos.However, the philosopher was arrested, after which he was repeatedly tortured and sophisticated.But even under terrible tortures philosopher gave their comrades.
There are two versions of the death of Zeno of Elea.On one of them it subtly executed - was thrown into a huge mortar and istolkli death.According to another version, during a conversation with Niarchos, Zenon rushed to the tyrant and bit off his ear, for which instantly was killed by servants.
Zeno
known that the philosopher has created no less than forty different paradoxes, however, have reached us only nine of them.Among the most popular Zeno's "Boom", "Achilles and the Tortoise", "Dichotomy" and "flock".
Greek philosopher, Aporia is still puzzled more than a dozen contemporary researchers, questioned the existence of immutable categories as movement, and even a lot of space!The discussions provoked paradoxical statements Zeno of Elea, being still.Bogomolov, Svatkovsky, Panchenko and Man - this is not a complete list of scientists who are engaged in this problem.
Aporia - it ...
So what is the essence of this concept?And what is the paradox of Zeno of Elea?
If we translate the Greek word «aporia», the aporia - a "stalemate" (literally).It arises from the fact that the object itself (or its interpretation) is hidden a certain contradiction.
can talk about that Aporia - this (in philosophy) a problem whose solution is very difficult.
His inferences Zenon greatly enriched the dialectic.And though modern mathematicians believe that they refuted the paradoxes of Zeno, they are still fraught with many more mysteries.
If we interpret the philosophy of Zeno's aporia - is, first of all, the absurdity and impossibility of movement.Although the philosopher who most likely did not use the term at all.
"Achilles and the Tortoise"
consider in more detail the four most famous paradoxes of Zeno of Elea.The first two jeopardize the existence of such thing as motion.It Aporia "Dichotomy" and Aporia "Achilles and the tortoise."
Aporia "Dichotomy" at first glance it seems absurd and utterly pointless.She claims that any movement can not end.Moreover, it may not even start.According to the paradoxes, to go the whole distance, you must first pass his half.And to overcome the half of it you have to walk half half this distance and so on to infinity.Thus, it is impossible to go through an infinite number of segments for a finite (limited) amount of time.
is better known Aporia "Achilles and the Tortoise", in which the philosopher argues strongly that rapid hero can never overtake the tortoise.The thing is that as long as Achilles will run land that separates it from the turtles, that, in turn, also crawl some distance from him.Further, until Achilles will overcome this new distance, the tortoise can crawl even a short distance further.And so it will be forever.
"Strela" and "stage"
If the first two paradoxes call into question the existence of the movement as such, the paradoxes "Strela" and "flock" protested the discrete representation of time and space.
In its paradoxes "Strela" Zeno argues that any released archery arrow rest, then there is at rest.The philosopher argues is its ridiculous seemingly statement?Zenon said that a flying arrow is stationary, for every single point in time it takes place in a space equal to itself same.Since this fact is absolutely true for any point in time, it means that this fact is true in general.Thus, according to Zeno, any flying arrow is at rest.
Finally, in its fourth extraordinary paradoxes philosopher was able to prove that the recognition of the existence of the movement is equal, in fact, recognize that their unit equals half!
Zeno of Elea offers imagine three equal number of riders on horseback, lined up in rows.Assume that the two are moved in opposite directions, with the same speed.Soon the last ranks of the riders will be in line with the middle of the line, which remained in her place.Thus, each rank will pass half of the line, that is, and by the whole series, which moves.And Zeno says that the same rider for one period of time and will be held at the same time all the way, and his half.In other words, the whole unit is equal to his own half.
So we dealt with this difficult, but very exciting philosophical problem.Thus, Aporia - this philosophy, a contradiction which lies in the subject or in the notion of it.
