Within ten years the central ring road will be fully operational around the city of Moscow.Construction of Ring Road was planned by RF Government in 2001, but only started in 2014.
Feature CRR
length it will be five hundred twenty-nine km, width - from four to eight lanes.It will be held from Moscow at a distance of twenty-five to sixty-five kilometers.The road will be equipped with a new automatic system for traffic control, meteorology observation stations, a platform for helicopters, means of rapid communication, recreation, and road service.Daily CRR can skip to seventy - eighty thousand cars.The permitted speed on the highway will be a hundred and thirty kilometers per hour.
former governor of the Moscow region Boris Gromov called CRR almost a prerequisite for the region's economic revolution.
Where and how will CRR?How much will fare, and what will become of tarmac?These and other questions reveal this article.
Why CRR?
This road is useful in many ways.
For Moscow, which assigned before trucking it will serve that outweighs some of the heavy and transit traffic.Thus, Moscow will be freed.Ring Road in the Moscow area chip away goods destined for other regions.Due to the traffic jams in the capital significantly weakened.
Even in a better position would be Moscow region.CRR relieve small betonku completely.And in the western part - and most betonku too, tolls between the Ring Road and Ring Road.Thanks to the Ring Road in the Moscow region will be up to two hundred thousand new jobs, which will greatly facilitate the situation of residents of the Moscow region, who every day go to Moscow to work.
to Russia with the help of this project will form Chord road, the future of the ITC - international transport corridors.Construction of Ring Road will be followed by the reconstruction of a number of federal highways.And after a few years, the country will be able to make a full transit.After all, it is currently receiving from the transit of only five per cent of what would be in reality.We are talking about an annual income of up to two and a half trillion rubles.This will create hundreds of thousands of new jobs and will be a favorable ground for investments in refining and logistics.
Nearby regions with the Moscow region, which will host the Ring Road, will also benefit, because it will increase the speed of travel and traffic safety.The movement of goods in Russia will be produced faster and cheaper, and increase the competitiveness of domestic goods.
Why not remodel a small betonku?
There are several factors of different orders on how to pass CRR and why it was decided not to reconstruct the road A-107 and A-108, popularly called "tarmac".The reasons for these decisions will tell on.
Social causes erection CRR
Firstly, both ways at many sites pass through towns and cities.Small betonka passes through Bronnitsy, Noginsk, Zvenigorod, Elektrostal and other cities.Building on it are at a distance of five to thirty meters.During the reconstruction of the road would have to build a bypass of the city or to buy property developers in the immediate vicinity of the road.But even if this is done, then there would be a lot of unhappy people who live in nearby homes and were forced to endure next to a highway.
However, during the construction of a new road of Ring Road, despite the efforts of the designers in the construction detours, could not avoid the problem of withdrawal of land where people live.It decided to take the "Sochi" way and to use an accelerated and simplified procedure for exemptions for state needs.Compensation will be carried out at market prices.
technical reasons
For the convenience of transit road speed should reach one hundred thirty to one hundred and fifty kilometers an hour and have the first technical category.The latter involves major requirements for longitudinal slope, curvature, shoulder width, and so on.However, neither small nor large betonka can not boast of such requirements.To meet the above standards, it would be necessary to rebuild the road completely.
Road MMK and MBC (small and large concrete strip) are only the third and fourth category, longitudinal gradients in some places exceed forty percent.They are a lot of intersections, junctions and displacements.Therefore, the reconstruction of these roads is not appropriate.
the planning and town-planning reasons for the construction of Ring Road
Since Moscow region road density is less than more than four times compared to the European countries, is much better to have two roads, one of which will be familiar local, and the other will become a transit, where you candrive at high speed.Otherwise, on the same road would have been both local and transit road transport, and local tractors would share a road with heavy-international.In addition, a large number of intersections and exits betonok would either remodel or remove.That's why, for example, the reconstructed section of road where there is CRR, called "Zvenigorod move" will be four lanes wide and have a second technical category.
What awaits betonku railway crossings and on them?
and small and large concrete strip will remain free roads, which are mostly local traffic will be loaded.Instead, crossings and overpasses will be built.These overpasses are almost built in White Columns and Alabino on the road A-107.
Construction of overpasses in other Lipitino, Sharapova Hunting and Lviv on the same road.Next in line are railroad crossings in Golitsyno and Yurove on small tarmac and Dorokhovo - at large.Their construction is planned until 2020.
Financing CRR
Initially, the project cost is from three hundred to three hundred and fifty million rubles.However, these figures should be reconsidered in connection with the exchange rate.
CRR is funded from three sources:
- subsidies from the federal budget.
- NWF (National Welfare Fund).
- of the concessionaire and investors.
In 2014 and 2015, "Highways" must be obtained from the National Welfare Fund in excess of thirty-eight billion rubles, which will go to the first and fifth parts of the road.The decision was made after the conclusion of contracts with private investors.These portions are adjacent to each other.They are on the western and southern sides of the Moscow and stretch for kilometers hundred thirty-seven.The cost of these plots will be about forty-nine, and more than forty two billion rubles, respectively.
Most of the funding of this road will be paid by the state, twenty-five percent - "Stroytransgaz", and ten to fourteen percent of private equity firms invest.
NWF planned to invest in the construction of the road from the end of 2013.However, a year later it was decided to raise capital banks to finance this and other projects.He took advantage of Gazprombank and bought bonds "Avtodor" at the expense of the National Welfare Fund.This scheme is already being implemented with the Railways, which acts as the purchaser of the bank VTB.
While not fully resolved the question of how to be financed by the third and fourth parts, the length of almost two hundred kilometers, and cost - more than one hundred and fifty billion rubles.So far in these competitions are often held.
Land
To learn how to pass the Ring Road, you can look at a map of the project.Conveniently it will also impose this map on Yandex-map.
entire site, which will host the Central Ring Road in Moscow, is divided into five launch complexes or ten acres.Between the third and fifth section of the PC runs over five kilometers, which is the means for building a SC "Avtodor".This site is not part of the launch complexes.
be built in two phases CRR.Scheme it is as follows.
Phase 1 The first phase of construction should be completed by 2018.By this time it must be built six of the ten stations that make up the ring a total length of three hundred thirty-eight kilometers and thirty-five meters.Ring, Ring Road which will be held here completely duplicates a small betonku or A-107.
Stage 2 The second stage will take place from 2020 to 2025, during which the remaining four will be constructed stretch of one hundred ninety kilometers sixty-seven meters, six lanes.
infrastructure in CRR
width of the route will be a maximum of eight bands.Where it will overlap with other federal and regional roads will be built multi-level interchanges, bridges, viaducts and overpasses.It is planned to build a thirty-four interchanges and two hundred seventy-eight bridges.
road is such a high level will be very attractive to different investors, and logistics, and production.Confirmation are already received governor of the Moscow region requests from investors.
on the territory, which will host the Ring Road will be constructed thirty-two filling stations, which will operate the cafe and minimarkets, thirty gas stations, restaurants, cafes, service stations and eighteen eighteen and motels.
fare
toll road will be everywhere, except the fifth launch complex, where it will pass through a small portion of the concrete strip or highway A-107.The cost of toll sections constructed from the federal budget, is planned to fix for cars in two rubles thirty-two pennies per kilometer.Where will attract private investment, the cost may be higher.
For residents of the Moscow Region Central Ring Road will be free.
Ecology
Since the rate of increase in the CRR, and the level of the negative impact on the environment is reduced.The rate of five to ten kilometers per hour increase emissions by up to ten times greater than the rate of sixty to eighty kilometers per hour.
By the way, how will the Ring Road, it will not touch the reserves and other protected areas, so the special environmental impact assessment is not imposed.
However, the project was a public environmental impact assessment, which was attended by major environmental scientists.
known that the territory, which will host the CRR will cut down trees, one hundred percent of the total area of the Moscow region.Instead, it planned compensatory planting of trees and shrubs.
In addition, for the first time in domestic road building provided wholly clean rain water, animal crossings and noise barriers in areas where residential buildings are located nearby.
