gold-domed Moscow, the capital of the Russian Federation - one of the largest and most beautiful cities of our country.Though the city is relatively young, it has a rich history.
Who built the Moscow
considered a founder of Moscow Yuri Dolgoruky, the sixth son of Vladimir Monomakh and the daughter of King Harold.It was the Grand Duke built a wooden wall of the Kremlin.In fact, Dolgoruky not often visited their city was built, in the annals of some rare mention of his visits.The people of Kiev did not like the prince and after his death in Suzdal Zalesie plundered his possessions and became a real scourge for the local residents, who, in turn, respect the Grand Duke.According to the chronicles, Yuri was tall, overweight, white on his face were small eyes and a large nose "long and pokrivlenny" grew a beard.In the biography of Prince indicated that he was a great lover of women, he loved good food and drink and generally thought more about having fun and feasts than about massacres and wars.Because the latter he could trust lords, their retainers, and proxies.We also know that Yuri was married several times: first, the daughter of the Polovtsian Khan and then the daughter of the Byzantine emperor.
reasons for the rise of Moscow in ancient Russia.Geography.Trying to keep pace with Europe
There are different hypotheses about the reasons for the centralization of Russian land and the rise of Moscow.Klyuchevskii believed that the role of the Moscow principality increased thanks to favorable geographical position.When Moscow became the capital of Russia, the advantage lay in its distance from the Golden Horde, and the Moscow River was the link with the main trade routes of the time.The new capital occupies a prime location, which was strategically better than Tver, Uglich and Nizhny Novgorod.It has accumulated combat skills and traditions of Russian culture, blending them with the European ones.When we think about why Moscow became the capital of Russia, not least in this matter it takes the influence of Europe.Despite the socio-economic differences in our country and abroad there were similar processes: developing cities and strengthened the influence of the Third Estate.Europe and Russia vzaimoaktivnuyu played a role in the political life of each other.It is difficult to say exactly what year Moscow became the capital of Russia, but it happened in the XIV century.The status of the capital Moscow lasted until the reign of Peter I.
Large fires in the history of Moscow
Much has happened since then, when Moscow became the capital of Russia.The city has repeatedly been covered by a devastating fire.Information about the largest of them survived after many centuries.In 1365 even with the spring there was a drought.Shallow river, drop a tiny amount of rainfall.In such a dry period there was a fire very easily.So one of the lamps broke the wooden church.Strong winds blew the fire that got to the wooden walls of the Kremlin, thus Muscovites lost their safe haven from destructive raids.Not always fires took place at the behest of nature.When Moscow became the capital of Russia, it attracted the attention of enemies.So the city set fire to the Lithuanian prince Olgerd, Tokhtamysh Khan, Prince Gleb of Ryazan and many others, it was the military arson particularly detrimental effect on capital.Referring to large fires, we can not ignore the fire in the midst of the War of 1812, when Napoleon with his army encamped in the city.Flames engulfed the entire city.Users of duty set fire to Moscow, the city has not got to the enemy.
Moscow was not built
If you try to imagine how many times the Kremlin has changed its appearance, is enough to remember what century Moscow became the capital of Russia.Originally the city was made of wood, and remained so until the reign of Dmitry Donskoy, who took the decision to replace the oak white stone walls of the Kremlin, from the same white stone towers were built.The reason for this change has become a serious fires, which are often covered the city, but it is not added to the walls of the Kremlin's strength, because the white stone dilapidated pretty quickly, and soon the construction of "floated".In 1485, together with the Italian architects managed to build the Kremlin of fired brick, such reconstruction has taken decades.During this period the Kremlin increased its area and adopted the outline of an irregular triangle.Buildings inside also undergone a number of changes.Something was reconstructed and rebuilt from the other material, something ruthlessly demolished, something built and sealed as a symbol of an era.During the reign of Peter the Great Moscow Kremlin lost its former importance, so it is a long time did not affect the change.
Moscow since the Soviet Union
When Moscow became the capital of Russia again went already in 1918.The government moved to the city during the Great Russian Revolution because of the threat of German attack on Petersburg.The plan was to move the capital only for a while, to Petrograd decreased the number of population.Some were against it, considering such acts of desertion and cowardice, rather than caution and foresight.Transfer of the capital was accompanied by a split within the party Bolshevik leaders disagreed, but heated discussion, which is so useless and failed, completed thanks to cunning and enterprise Lenin.When Moscow became the capital of Russia, the government has started moving, but there were still many dissatisfied with this decision, therefore, were sent to protect the Latvian Riflemen.Under Malaya Vishera train, which was Lenin, faced with the echelon of armed deserters, the number of the latter exceeds the number of shooters.But the Latvians managed to disarm the enemy, and to block the train.After the incident, in order conspiracy was spread information that the government has not moved to Moscow, and Nizhny Novgorod.
Modern Moscow
At present Moscow - the capital of the Russian Federation.It was in this city are concentrated centers of political and economic spheres.Since then, when Moscow became the capital of Russia again, its role has increased markedly.The city can be called the mind and heart of our country.Modern Moscow - a metropolis of twelve large-scale agglomerations, the capital of one of the ten largest cities in the world.Moscow economy is closely linked with the global economy, the capital to keep pace with developed countries, in this city have found a place of international embassies of different countries, are concentrated most of all Russian banks.If you recall, at which the Emperor Moscow became the capital of Russia, one can imagine how valuable its culture and history, what buildings can be found, how attractive city for tourists from around the world.Moscow is the strength and power of our country, it is respected by other States.
Moscow Orthodox
modern capital was considered a religious center since ancient times.Metropolitan Peter transferred his residence from Vladimir to Moscow, which became the center of Orthodoxy.If you recall what year Moscow became the capital of Russia, it is possible to understand the role played by faith in those days.Such status was important for the capital it raised its prestige in the eyes of the population.Someone called Moscow the Third Rome.In this city you can find many churches and cathedrals.A symbol of Russia's capital is St. Basil's Cathedral (until the seventeenth century known as the Trinity), located on the Red Square in the city center.He is an amalgamation of nine churches once devoted to the holidays, which coincides with the days of the decisive battles of Kazan.Tourists from many countries come to look at the object from the list of World Heritage Sites in Russia, built during the time of Ivan the Terrible.Restoration is not just changing the face of the cathedral, because he became a victim of fire in a wooden Moscow, but did not lose its value and status.
Moscow next
City is not in place and continues to evolve.At the moment there are many projects known prospects.If you think, in what year, Moscow became the capital of Russia, just look around.The capital built up with new, modern buildings, but at the same time preserved the historical appearance of the city.Building projects are developed not only our compatriots, but also Irish, British and Swedes, that is involved in the development of the city and the Europeans.The plans are not only an increase in the territory now designated five major projects affecting most of the improvement areas, empowerment of leisure.The changes will affect the Moscow River.The plans involve the territory under the embankments and entertainment complexes, landscaping there is a separate area with limited movement, to create the largest area - "ecological islands", which would help make the water cleaner.Also, the architects propose to introduce a holiday dedicated to the river.This is just one of the projects, but it is impressive scale conceived and lends credence to the fact that only thirty years later Moscow will change its appearance and truly become a city of the future.
