Yekaterinburg - one of the largest cities of our country.He is relatively young and is among the settlements that were established during the formation and development of Russian industry in the Urals.That is why, when told about Yekaterinburg, the city's history is full of events related to ironworks and metallurgy.Let us start the acquaintance.
Ekaterinburg history of the region until the Russian settlers
To date, scientists have facts suggest that the territory of modern Yekaterinburg was inhabited already in the 8-7 millennium BC.In the period between 6000 and 5000th years BC.e.population of these areas are actively engaged in the development of natural resources of the region, as evidenced by the artifacts found during excavations of ancient workshops.With regard to the processing of metals, it is on the banks of the Iset became engaged around the 1st century AD.
first plant
At the time of occurrence in present-day Yekaterinburg Russian settlers there was no permanent population, and stayed there sometimes nomads and hunters who are representatives of Turkic and Finno-Ugric ethnic groups.The first Russian settlement in these areas is considered to be the village of Old Believers on the shores of Lake Shartash, which was founded around the year 1672.A little later, as there was a settlement lower and upper Uktus.After it became known about the natural wealth of these places, in 1702, the year it was decided to establish Uktussky, and in 1704, the year - Shuvakishsky iron works.However, these state-owned enterprises did not act as effectively as belonging to the genus Demidov, so in 1720, the year the Urals to the inspection were sent Vasily Tatishchev and Johann Blier.Arriving at Uktussky factory, they founded a Siberian chief Bergamo - the supreme body of management of state factories in the region.
As the results of research Tatishchev, construction and Shuvakishskogo Uktusskogo plants were chosen very unfortunate location.Therefore, the new Chief-of Bergamo board sent a petition to St. Petersburg for permission to build a new facility at 7 km from the old.It was not satisfied, and Tatishcheva removed from cases, ordering him to return to the capital.
foundation of the city
After 2 years in the Urals on the orders of Peter the Great arrived Georg de Gennin who, having familiarized with the rejection of the draft of its predecessor, it is fully supported.Construction was started on 12 March 1723rd year, and by order of the government for its organization Demidov were forced to second on the banks of the Iset its best specialists.
in November 1723rd year in the factory shop was the launch of the hammers, and this event is today considered to be the foundation of Yekaterinburg.
Ekaterinburg: the history of the city in the first half of the 18th century
At the time of its inception, the new steel plant was the largest and most powerful in the world.The project is led by Major General Gennin personally appealed to Catherine the First requesting award factory-fortress Katerinburh name.Empress graciously agreed, but ordered the city to call Ekaterinburgom.This name did not stick, and soon appeared on the map Russia placename "Ekaterinburg".
history of metallurgy in the Urals, from that moment began to sound like an exciting novel, full of intrigue and dramatic events.Suffice it to say that the city began to settle the Old Believers from Russia and escaped Moscow archers, rebels.There they almost turned into slaves, and those who tried to flee were sent to prison, which today would be called a concentration camp.
Pugachev uprising
So the city was built literally on the bones of the workers, there maturely discontent.Thus, during the Pugachev rebellion, many residents were not averse to the rebels to surrender Yekaterinburg.History has preserved the evidence, including the fact that the revolt was brewing even among the officers who were dissatisfied with the commander of the fortress - General Bibikov.
Mountain City
Once passed through Yekaterinburg Great Siberian highway, began its rapid development as a transit hub between Europe and Asia.During these years, his appearance has changed dramatically.In particular, they created many historical monuments in Yekaterinburg, which today are considered to be its main attraction.
In 1807, the year the city was awarded the status of the mountain, which gave certain privileges.Since that time began to be seen flourishing gold industry associated with the opening of around 85-minute deposits of this precious metal.Through the development of mines, the city began to rapidly prosper and become one of the most important economic and cultural centers of the Russian Empire.There were opened Museum of Mining, professional theater, Meteorological Observatory, and others.
history of the city from the second half of the 19th century before the Revolution of 1917
After the abolition of serfdom in 1861 mining was in decline.The crisis has affected and Yekaterinburg.The history of its development since then has gone a slightly different way.In other words, in modern terms, there was a diversification of the economy, which ultimately have a positive impact on the lives of citizens.Development of Yekaterinburg and many contributed to the construction of a railroad that connected the city with Perm.
At the beginning of the 20th century the city became the center of the revolutionary movement, which was led by Yakov Sverdlov.In 1905 he organized a massive anti-government rally was dispersed by the Black Hundreds and Cossacks, who also staged a bloody massacre.
Just before the First World War, a frequent visitor in Ekaterinburg and was Kerensky, who managed to hold revolutionary gathering.Parallel to this, the city was an ordinary life, and almost on the eve of the revolution of the 17th year was founded the first university in the Urals.In general, the history of schools in Ekaterinburg is very interesting, if only as an example of proper organization of public education in the province.
Civil War
Even the history of the streets of Yekaterinburg and detached homes of great interest.Thus, all known Ipatiev House, where in 1918 he shot the whole family and a few close of Nicholas II.This was preceded by a bloodless takeover of the city in October 1917 and the arrest of the emperor, and then moving it to the Urals.Then the city was first time running the Czech housing, and later - the forces of Kolchak.However, in 1919 in Ekaterinburg includes part of the 2nd and 3rd Armies of the Red Army.
Sverdlovsk
In 1924, the year it was renamed Yekaterinburg.The Soviet city of Sverdlovsk sounded like and lasted until 1991, the year.Before the Second World War the city was developing rapidly and it opened a new educational and cultural institutions, as well as large industrial companies.In subsequent years, all this has the potential of a good service to the cause of victory over fascism and the restoration of the destroyed economy of the Soviet Union.In the postwar decades, the development of Ekaterinburg continued apace, and the beginning of the collapse of the USSR, it was a prosperous city with developed industry.
21st century
years of perestroika and the "dashing 90" is not the best way affected the economy of Ekaterinburg.In particular, the closure of many industrial enterprises.However, with the beginning of the 2000s the situation has changed, and today the city continues to experience economic growth.At this point in Yekaterinburg held a variety of political, cultural and entertainment events.For example, recently it launched a project "Love Story."Ekaterinburg is also often a venue for sporting events and its attractions attract tourists, including from abroad.
Now you know what was the history of Ekaterinburg.For children there is also a lot of interesting places, so at the first opportunity to visit this city whole family.
