Tyre - a special punctuation mark.On the one hand, the admission of its use is quite wide, as this is considered a sign of "copyright", it is often used to discharge intonation, logical separation and division of the sentence, as well as to create a rhythm sound as the verse and prose.In this sense, any author of the text, it seems, who decides what sentence to put a dash.In many cases, the author is quite justified dash, the status of punctuation makes it quite "freely" interpreted to use it.On the other hand, when the proposal is put dashes, quite a lot, but often staged this sign looks obviously incorrect and does not come from the desire to emphasize special meaning in the proposal, but from ignorance of the rules.Finally, the lack of character in the place where he is supposed to rule - this is a serious punctuation error.
between subject and predicate
Perhaps the most typical and common case when the proposal is put dashes - it is his need between subject and predicate, and this is the case usually causes the greatest number of questions, hence the error.
So this sign between subject and predicate is required to put in if the principal terms of the proposals expressed by a noun in the nominative case, a cardinal number in the nominative or infinitive.
My dog - a true friend.
Talk about something your mom - condemn oneself to many inquiries on juicy topic.
His only hope - to go to a distinguished professor-doctors.
not want him to touch without a vkusnoty - true love.
At the same between the main parts of the sentence must be absent verb-copula "is", "to be".Tyre is not put, for example, in the following cases:
His cat was his home and family.
Play it was a real torment.
real treat for the children was to go out of town by car.
Tyre is not put as if the predicate contains a denial:
Your mother is not strong man, why do not you help her carry the baby brother?
between subject and predicate before the words "it", "here", "means»
common mistake - do not put a sign between subject and predicate in the case between them have the word "is", "here", "It means. "These words do not affect the design proposal in terms of the need to put a dash.Before that, the dash is placed on a mandatory basis.In these cases, the place where the dash is placed in a sentence is structurally no different from the same place without these words.
was holding her child - is real happiness.
agree to such a position - it is a big responsibility.
children read poems and tales for the night - then give them great pleasure, and prepare them for independent reading.
Roots Chukovsky - that's the real joy of my childhood!
between pronouns and nouns
Another case when the proposal is put dashes - are some sentences that expressed the basis of a personal pronoun (subject) and a noun in the nominative case (predicate).
Firstly, the sign is put in when you need to use it to logically identify the personal pronoun:
You - the most precious thing I have.
She - a brilliant scientist, a wonderful teacher and a real man.
Second, put a dash when the proposal reverse order of words (not the verb follows the subject, and the subject of the predicate):
That girl you meet on the train - it.
respected scholar and poet - he said.
Third, according to the rules you need to dash in sentences with contrasting:
We care about you, thinking about how to help, and you - selfish.
his father worked very hard and likes to do things with his hands, and he - a slacker.
sign is placed and when two or more consecutive proposals have the same structure:
you now - well, now you - just clever, you today - the hero of the day!
She always - beautiful, she is always - perfect.
in incomplete sentences
so-called intonation dash placed in incomplete sentences in the case on the ground lowered the sentence is supposed to pause.
His eldest daughter, we gave the computer, and the youngest - phone.
Whatever it was, but tomorrow you have to go to the printers, the day after tomorrow - to the post office, and a week later - to the bank.
Astafjevs Victor wrote my favorite "King-fish", and Boris Vasilyev - "The Dawns Here Are Quiet".
is often assumed that the dash is placed in a simple sentence in two cases: between subject and predicate, and between words in incomplete sentences, but it is not so.
Tyre, determining intonation intonation
also dashes any sentence allowed between any of its members.
How many times do you say that to go there - do not!What about you - are not happy!What at you there - laughing!
It is time to drink tea - with honey cakes and loved ones.
When reading literary texts is sometimes difficult to understand why the proposal is put a dash, but often this is not the sign of a random - he stressed the particular logic, intonation and rhythm of speech.
explanation
When these signs surrounded explaining separation.
The trip - part in the conference - always remembered as something long and bright.
After homogeneous parts of the sentence
In cases where the uniform of the sentence is preceded by a generalized word, and after them, to continue after the uniform of the sentence put dashes.
And suddenly all these kids - daughter, nephew, neighbor boy and grandson of an old friend - turned out to be self-reliant adult people with all their views.
Of course, most of these themes - death, disease, suffering, loneliness, childlessness, betrayal, lack of money - As to a greater or lesser degree each destiny.
When specifying the temporal, spatial and quantitative sections
Tyre when specifying the temporal, spatial and quantitative sections posed as between words, and between the digits.
We lived there in 1997-2004.
the train Moscow-Vorkuta, he met an old acquaintance.
When it comes to the printed text, it must be remembered that in such cases, dashes are not separated by spaces, and it should be short - even if used while typing long dash.
In addition, we must remember that in the case when you need to put a sign between digits or words which reflect the quantitative uncertainty not put dashes and hyphens:
five to seven days, she has not left the house.
Add the sauce 3-4 teaspoons of anise and fennel.
Before generalizing word
necessarily the case when placed dash, - the proposal, which follows a generalized word homogeneous parts of the sentence.Before it is put dashes.
currants, gooseberries, raspberries, irgu - all the berries have time to try the girl in the summer.
Distant relatives and friends with whom he had not seen the old half-forgotten work colleagues - all they have somehow remembered recently.
application before the end of sentences
If an application that stands in the absolute end of the sentence, it is necessary to allocate logically, on the letter is shown by a dash:
When we entered, we rushed towards his cat - fluffy Aliska.
son the whole way without stopping to tell me about his new friends - Boris.
I wish I could talk to you as an expert of his favorite business - construction.
before minor sentence, which is expressed by an infinitive
If a minor part of the sentence pronounced infinitive and has explanatory, it is separated by a dash.
Finally, he had a plan, and a decision was born - the first step and make peace.
A child who hates school, one way out - to use every opportunity to shirk legally.
When you insert designs
Signs dash surrounded by any plug design, including those that end with a question or an exclamation mark.This is actually the case that put a dash between sentences.
And these little newborn kittens - are not even want to think about it!- Live in such conditions.
all good students - and how could it be otherwise?- Have to be passionate about their future profession.
In conjunctionless offers
In cases where placed dashes conjunctionless proposal contains such parts that are opposed to each other:
We officially invite him - he did not even deign to say anything.
asked her homework - she pretended that nothing was not.
In addition, the dash is placed in front of the part conjunctionless proposal, the meaning of which - to express a conclusion, the result or consequence of that stated in the previous part of a complex sentence:
Mom came - and all sorrows, as always, seemed smalland quickly forgotten.
When making a direct speech and dialogue
dash in a complex sentence is put further in the design of direct speech, separates the words of the author of the quote:
«I have come!- Fun and daughter cried, after a pause, mysteriously asked: - You know who I saw today? ".
When making dialogue also put a dash in front of each statement:
- Can not you learn how to keep a secret?- Mitya's father asked sternly.
- I can.I keep, I just did not know that from you too, it should be stored, - lost kid replied.
In addition, there are other special cases when the proposal is put a dash, but basically they are all variations or modifications listed.
