talking, we say sounds.They are formed by the passage of air from the lungs through the mouth, and, depending on whether they are located at that moment, lips and tongue have different coloring.
sounds of speech involved in the formation of words - language units with definite meaning of and used for the communication process.Let's take a closer look at them!
What's letters and sounds
All audible and pronounced us - it sounds.They are in a certain way are indicated on the letter, and what we write and then read - a letter.
But the speech sounds and letters in which they are designated, in the Russian language vary greatly in number.In the speech we say the 43 basic sounds, but they were written using only 33 letters.
That is, all of the letters of our language can be divided into 3 groups.
- letters do not represent sounds (a "v" and "b").As an example, we can bring "stump", which is pronounced [p'en'], and "move down" - [sy'ehat'].
- letters representing 2 sound.These include letters "e", "e", "w", "I".The couple used their pronunciation of sounds: [y'o] [y'e] [y'u] [y'a].
- letters represent one sound (it's all the other letters).
What is the difference from the vowels and consonants
There are two main groups of speech sounds - define them as vowels and consonants.The vowels are the sounds in the event which involved only the voice.They pronounced drawl, his mouth the sound does not meet any obstacles.
agree - this is what we say, and combining voice and noise (called call) or only noise (unvoiced consonants).In addition, consonants can be either solid or soft.
stressed and unstressed syllables
vowel sounds of speech involved in the formation of syllables, thus proving a stressed or unstressed position.Under the stress implied pronunciation of some syllables more forcefully.
Russian language inherent change in the position of stress.It can be on any syllable, unlike the Polish or French, where it is fixed for a certain location.For example, the word "whistle" accent on the first syllable, as in the word "whistle" - on the second.
What letters are indicated in Russian vowels
To identify the main vowel sounds of speech (in our language there are six), using ten vowels:
sound [and] - denoted by the letter "i" (Tiger);
[s] - the letter "s" (smoke);
[a] - the letter "A" (Mother) and "I" (pit);
[about] - the letter "o" (nose) and the "e" (hedgehog);
[e] - the letter "e" (echo) and "e" (day);
[y] - the letter 'y' (godfather) and "yu" (south).
Thus, it turns out that in order to mark the 4 vowels ([a] [a], [e], [y]) there is a whole alphabet in two rows of letters.It can be:
- a, uh, y;
- i, e, g, w.
In the second row the letters perform two functions.They not only represent a vowel sound, but also indicate that the preceding consonant was soft (chalk - [m'el]).
If they are at the beginning of words, vowels are placed after or after a soft or hard separating character - they represent a combination of sounds.For example, the word Tree sounds [y'olka], and the word singing - [pay'ot].
as meaning voiced and voiceless consonants in writing
sounds of speech involved in the formation of words, and there are strong or weak position, which often has a direct impact on their designation on the letter.Thus, one and the same letter in the language may be referred to different sounds.Example: the letter "n" can be defined sound 2 - [n] and [H '] niche - [n'isha] or whining [whining].
A single letter "b" may be referred to 4 different sounds [b], [b'] or [n] [n '].For example: I was [was] - beat [b'il] or hump [GORPO] - Ob [op'].
If a voiced consonant is written at the end of words or placed before voiceless consonants, it can denote a pair thud.This position is called the weak.Notice how we say: tub - ka [t] ka (the sound is before voiceless consonant) or eye - SFA [s] (sound is at the end of the word).This process is defined as stunning.
Deaf same consonants may sound like their guy - calls if they are in a strong position.For example: threshing sound like Molo [A'] ba, and in a word, please hear the sound [z'] - about [z'] ba.This, as you know, voicing.
should be mentioned that a strong position in the Russian language is considered to be the position of consonants to vowels or consonants before voiced.How
letter highlights some consonants
Some sounds of Russian speech on a designated letter combination of letters.By the way, this situation is a very large number of spelling errors.
For example, one sound [sch'] may, at the written word to look like MF, AF or ZHCH.We write - through, but pronounced [sch'ot], we write - the driver and say [izvosch'ik] writing - man, but it sounds like [musch'ina].
A sound [n] may be referred to as a combination and mu or dsDNA, and how to be, or TC.For example: read - read [p] but twenty-two [n] amb.
letters do not always correspond to the "own" sounds
As already mentioned, the sounds of speech involved in the formation of words and designated in writing by certain letters.And often it turns out that for one letter can "hide" the different sounds.For example, the root word if you change its number we write the same letter, but at the same time utter different sounds: a table (Article [o] n) - Tables (Article [and] ly).That is, one letter "o" we mean two sounds: [a] and [a].
But there are occasions when different sounds are denoted by a single letter.For example, in the word "treasure" in the word "flesh" at the end of the sound is the same sound [m], but it is indicated, as you can see, different letters "d" and "t".
Literal composition of words is often not identical with the sound.For example, the word "brave" is written ten letters, but pronounced only nine [dobl'isnyy'].In this and similar cases, the letter "t" is unpronounceable consonants.That is, a letter, which indicates no sound.Here are a few examples of such letters: sun - [sontse] heart - [s'ertse].
features a combination of consonants and vowels
Hard consonants Russian speech can not be combined with going after them, the vowel "i" and the soft can not be combined with the "s."For example, the word "dinner" is always a solid sound [w] requires sound [s] why we say [uzhyn].
In certain cases there is softening of hard consonants in speech, standing in a pair with a soft.So if the word car, the sound [n] - hard, in conjunction with the always mild [ch'] it sounds mildly - trailer [vagon'ch'ik].
The same is true in situations with a combination of other soft consonants: Fantom - F [n't'] uk, forest - le [s'n'] uk net - chi [s't'] it.
Consumption of hard and soft sign in Russian
speech sounds and letters in our language, as you've probably realized, often do not coincide.For example, hard and soft sign on the letter did not refer to any sounds.
These letters usually indicate that behind them e, e, i, u are pronounced as two sounds (drinks [py'ot]).If s is after a consonant, it points to its softness (day [d'en']).
In some cases, the soft sign only plays the role of grammar.For example, the word "lie", he does not mean softness of the preceding consonant, but only indicates that the noun belongs to the feminine gender.
Features spelling and pronunciation of some words borrowed
Some words borrowed from other languages, before the letter e does not sound soft, as is customary in Russian, and hard consonant.Please note - the word "tempo" we write e, but pronounce the solid sound [t].Pronunciation of words and similar need to remember or refer to pronouncing dictionary.
Muffler - [ne] model - [de] claim - [te], the relay - the first syllable [re], the dash - [re] test - [TE] thermos - [TE] tennis - [TE].
As you can see, the sounds of speech (Grade 1 or 11 are left behind) - it is a deep and serious issue, which is a careful study will help you understand the intricacies of the rules and principles of pronunciation spelling of many words that cause problems.Good luck!
