political institutions of society in the modern world - a certain set of organizations and institutions with his chain of command and structure, rules and regulations that organize political relations between people and organizations.It's a way of organizing society, which allows you to implement certain political ideas, caused by the situation and requirements.As you can see, the concept is quite extensive.Therefore, consideration should be given its features in more detail.
classification society Political institutions are divided into institutions of participation and power.The second group includes organizations that exercise public power at different hierarchical levels, and to the first - civil society structures.Institutions of government and participation is a political social system that has a certain integrity and organic interaction with the subjects of policy and other elements of political activity.
mechanism power
mechanism of political influence is determined by the activity of different subjects, one of which are the political institutions.State - the main authoritative body that carries all the power used by the means and methods.It is the state covers their activities through the entire society and its individual members, are fully capable to express the interests of different social groups and classes, the control unit generates and controls the various spheres of life.Law and order have a special place in the exercise of power by the state.And the law provides the legitimacy of policies that promoted the institutions of power.
role of society
Another basic institution of the political system - a civil society itself, in whose framework and the activities of parties and other organizations.During modern times in Europe and the United States were formed as such, the state and society, which occurred under the influence of modernization changes.From that time are the main political institutions of the society.The state then acts as a direct power, possessing monopoly for coercion and even violence in a specific territory.A civil society is the antithesis of some kind.
Opinion Maurice Hauriou
founder of institutionalism, a law professor from France Maurice Hauriou, considering society as a collection of a huge number of different institutions.He wrote that the social and civic mechanisms - is the organization, which include not only people, but also an ideal, an idea, a principle.The political institutions of society to extract energy from their members precisely because of the above elements.If initially a range of people together and creates a combined organization, by the time it included all imbued with the ideas and knowledge of unity with each other, it may well be called the Institute.It directed the idea is the hallmark of this phenomenon.
Classification Hauriou
Institutionalists recovered following the political institutions of society: corporate (which includes the government, trade associations and societies, trade unions, churches) and the so-called rem (law).These two species are characterized as a sort of ideal models of social relations.These political social institutions differ as follows: the first are incorporated in social groups, and the latter can be used in any associations and do not have their own organization.
The focus was on corporate institutions.They have many common features specific to the autonomous communities: a guide idea, a set of regulatory standards and hierarchies of power.The state's task - to supervise and guide the economic and social life, while remaining neutral intermediary national force for maintaining integrated into a single system of balance.Today, Russia's policy should be in this progressive direction.
Characteristics of
political institutions of society are the conduit through which power is realized.They characterize the interaction between the state and citizens associations, determine the effectiveness of the system of political organization.The political system - a combination of all these factors.The functional characteristic is its political regime.What it is?It is a set of specific political relations for certain types of state of the means and methods, existing and well-established relations between society and the government, the existing forms of ideology, class and social relations.Vary depending on the degree of social freedoms of the individual and the relationship between the society and the state are three basic modes: authoritarian, democratic and totalitarian.
Democracy as the most popular mode
main institutions of the political system of the society and their relationship best seen on the example of democracy, which is a form of organization of social and political life, which is characterized by a choice of a population of different alternatives of social development.The democratic process is usually included all political institutions, since this mode requires a maximum of public and political activity of all segments of the population, and it is open to any options for social change.Democracy, as such, does not require a radical change of the ruling political parties, but this possibility certainly exists.Political parties, social movements and political organizations in this mode is a tremendous amount of variety and, therefore, democratic societies have always characterized by uncertainty, as the political and social objective in nature and origin is continuously variable.They are always very controversial, generate resistance and conflicts are subject to permanent change.
What is the state of law?
This term can be found virtually everywhere in political science.But what does it mean?The rule of law - a key democratic institution.There the authorities are always limited by moral, legal and political framework.The political institutions of society in a legal state of a people create equal conditions for all citizens, regardless of nationality, social status, status, creed, color and so on.Constitutionalism in the framework of the State occupies a special place and is a stabilizing factor, which provides a certain predictability of the policy pursued by the authorities.That is the priority of the principle of law and not such a factor as the power source is a start for constitutionality.We can say that the basic institution of the political system of the rule of law - the law itself, which appears here and the only basic tool and regulates various aspects of social life.
Problems institutions
political institutions of society often experience problems in the interaction with the public opinion, especially important in a period of transformation and change in the vertical of power.At this time, sharply raises the question of the need to acknowledge the new and old institutions, but this is rarely enhances the role of the society opinion on the feasibility and necessity of the existence of these institutions at all.Many political parties and social movements can not cope with these problems.
main trends problem
There are two trends in this issue.Firstly, the new institutions did not immediately win the recognition and support of public opinion.Secondly, without a large-scale campaigns on its activities in the media, without key factor in support of the already established and influential political elites and force new institutions can not make its way.For the post-authoritarian countries in their quest for democratization and urgent problem and the effectiveness of such phenomena as the political institutions of the society.This creates a vicious circle.New political democratic forces can not immediately become effective, since there is no necessary support from the masses and the elites, and get the support and recognition of the legitimacy can not, because in the eyes of the masses are not effective and can not help solve the problems faced by society.That's exactly what "sin" at this stage of Russia's policy.
analysis of the effectiveness of the democratic regime and its institutions
analyzing the legal political institutions of society, it becomes clear that they are really effective as a result of a very long process of adaptation and development in the context of compliance traditions of society.For example, the high democratic Western countries Needless to say, only since the twentieth century.The development and approval of new social and political institutions takes place in three main stages.The first - the establishment and formation of the second - his legitimization and acceptance of the company, the third - the adaptation and the subsequent increase in efficiency.This second phase takes the longest time, and likely roll back to the first phase.Historical experience shows that "democracy-building", the key problem - giving a social orientation and compliance with the interests of the general public.
importance of Parliament
sovereignty of all the people embodied in the state through a representative body that expresses the collective will of all voters.This Parliament is the most important democratic institution in the rule of law, without which democracy is inconceivable at all.Characteristic features of the parliament: the collegiality of decision-making and electoral staff.The deputies, who are elected by its members are the direct representatives of the will of the people and the leadership of the State and the public interest.Parliament carries out many important functions, but can be called basic:
- legislative, as only parliament has the right to enact laws that are mandatory and universal;
- controlled, which is expressed in the monitoring of the government and regulation of its actions (approval of the members, listening to records, etc.).
