statism The word comes from the French «État», which means "the state."Statism - a concept thought in politics, which sees the state as the highest achievements and goals of social development.
term "statism»
history of the term originated in the late 19th century in France.His father is considered to be the French-speaking Swiss Numa Droz.He was a successful politician and publicist.In 1881 and 1887 he held the position of President of the Swiss Union.Democrat by nature and an outspoken opponent of socialism, he advocated strengthening the centralization of the Swiss Confederation.Numa Droz began to use the term "statism" just in relation to the society in which the principles of statehood became more important than their own principles of freedom and individuality.
In any country there are elements of the system under the name of statism.Pros and cons of this political phenomenon extensively studied in our days.However, not many see this political something positive for their country.
representatives
basic idea, positive and negative aspects of statism tested for several centuries.This phenomenon is regarded around the world.The main representatives of statism are philosophers, economists, politicians and historians.There are many treatises and articles on the subject.On the leading role of the state in society also wrote the ancient philosophers such as Aristotle and Plato, their idea was supported later in Italy - Niccolo Machiavelli, England - Hobbes, Germany - Hegel.
principles statism
The main principle is that the main role of the state in all processes.These include political, spiritual, economic, and legislative drafting.The task of the government apparatus - is the need for a permanent impact on every sphere of public life.Based on this theory, the society is not simply the ability to just self-government: the government should "assist" their citizens.
Another basic principle of statism is the fact that the state - this is the source of development.Do not have a right to exist, private companies, the media, any kind of business.Government apparatus - a monopolist in any sphere of activity.
next principle is called interventionism.What it is not nothing but a policy of state intervention in the lives of private individuals.The main objective of the government considers the prevention revolution, control of industries, management and monitoring of the weight of all spheres of life of its people.
Another important principle of statism - a policy that seeks to affirm the Kingdom of God everywhere.They impose religion is universal to everyone, and thus is "Churchification" state.According convinced statists, the church should have an impact on all spheres of human life.In other words, there is the appropriation and privatization of religion.However, such a policy, as history shows, is not doomed to success, it leads to totalitarianism, which is more reminiscent of Bolshevism and National Socialism (Nazism, fascism).
Pros
Consider the advantages and disadvantages of statism.One of the main advantages is that the people taking part in building a strong, independent and civilized country, which effectively performs a civilizing function.Living on the territory of a country, people should not worry about their social insecurity, the availability of jobs and a low level of the economy.They have complete trust in the state, and that, in turn, gives them confidence in the future.It follows a simple scheme: the people to cast their vote in their favor, and they are required to ensure that its people security and social accommodation.But as we know, no system works ideally, so we turn to the reverse side of the coin.
Cons
State holds absolute position of its role.And in other words we can say that statism - is to create a model of "God on earth."There is a so-called nationalization of all forms of human life.No sphere of activity, which would not have been involved government.In fact, statism - is controlling small and medium-sized businesses, all the structures, the food sector, the branches of social life.It appears complete centralization of management.Legal statism includes the imposition of ideals, values.The destruction of civil society creates a high degree of bureaucratic police state in the form of total statism.
population just turns into one huge inert mass, which can be easily controlled.
Statism and Anarchism
Niccolo Machiavelli and Georg Wilhelm Hegel are the most cited theorists to develop the ideas of statism.They believed that statism - is the complete opposite of anarchism.In their view, an effective way to deal with riots in the streets, theft, murder and other lawlessness is to increase the role of the state.
Machiavelli sought to revive the shattered Italy suffering at the time from the devastation and looting.His position is fully shared by Hegel, who wanted power for Germany.He sought to to unite all Germans and convince them that they belong to his state and should be subject to its laws.
And Machiavelli and Hegel believed that a strong monopoly power of the state is essential for the freedom of mankind.They were also convinced that the people should take part in the creation of legislation and decide important matters of state level.This model was later given the name of "moral state".Many countries have used it in our days.
Examples statism
History remembers many examples of attempts to statism.This includes powers such as Japan, China, USA, Azeybardzhan.Visible elements such thing as statism in Russia, too.
Yet one of the most striking examples in the world was the first president of Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Pasha, Ataturk (reigned 1923-1938).He sought "oderzhavit" all enterprises and institutions, which, in his opinion, had the slightest interest to the state.His reforms and attempts to change the entire Arrange powers entailed some changes.Statism in the form of "Kemalism" admitted to the official doctrine of the Turkish government, they brought him into the program of the Republican People's Party (1931), and even a constitutionally enshrined (in 1937).
to more understand the concept of statism, can refer to the literature.George Orwell wrote a stunningly realistic and plausible novel dystopia, dedicated primarily the idea of nationalization of all around.The novel is called "1984", and it has a huge popularity throughout the world.The story is that in the fictional world of the government apparatus keeps everything under its control and supervision: people everywhere filmed.There is no room even for private life, and any industry is completely under the influence of the party.People are not allowed to think, friends and love.Any illegal act is strictly punishable by law, which are changed and supplemented every day.After the publication of the work and the world held its breath in awe expect such a fate for himself.
Statism in Russia
Legal statism spreads across the globe for the past several centuries.And Russia is a political phenomenon does not shy away from.Elements of the concept inherent in each state.
The Russian statism interest shown by governments in the metallurgical and oil and gas companies, as well as controlling of small and medium-sized businesses.In fact, the government creates a monopoly in the largest companies, which are the main taxpayers in the same country.For this reason, legislation relating to these sectors, constantly changing not in favor of the common people.
However, unfortunately, the tax tyranny - this is not the only sign of statism in Russia.The State also intervenes in a small business, even one that provides a low profit of cleanliness, order, access to food or services in small towns.The laws are constantly changing, sometimes they become unbearable for business.Thus, it appears that the government apparatus consumes a small private company.
Statism today
Today Western political scientists have come to a common consensus.They are convinced that the ideology of statism, in practice, turns state capitalism, the militarization of the economy and lead to an arms race (this was, in particular, the Communist regime).
For this and many other reasons, people around the world in favor of democracy and freedom of thought.They increasingly want to coexist peacefully with the government apparatus and to collaborate on favorable terms.But fully comply with and be under the full authority and control at their state does not want any citizen.
