Management of liquidity and solvency of the bank is theoretically based on a number of different theories: the theory of loans, travel, and other expected income.They all have their advantages and disadvantages, and in its pure form does not meet the requirements of practice.However, by the synthesis of certain theoretical aspects of banks create its own concept of liquidity management, the most suitable for the requirements of their activities, and successfully applied.
At present, the range of applied concepts in banking liquidity management are determined by two approaches: either the bank must always have in stock a sufficient amount of liquid assets, or have the capacity to attract liquidity at any point in the financial market.In the economic literature, this alternative is reflected in the division of banking liquidity in likvidnost- "stock" (stationary liquidity) and likvidnost- "flow" (current liquidity).The first of these describes the liquidity of bank balance given time, readiness to fulfill all the current liabilities on the basis of the available liquid assets.Current liquidity shows the possibility of transforming illiquid assets into more liquid, which, together with the provision of minimum reserves of liquidity makes it possible to more effectively manage the evolving situation.
This approach to treating liquidity determines the content of the existing at the moment of liquidity management policies, the main ones are: asset management strategy, liabilities, assets and liabilities.
The first of these is the accumulation of bank liquidity in the form of money.Application of the strategy determined by the presence in the country, developed financial markets with a stable price level and the possibility of reimbursement of the initial investment at the lowest risk.Liability management strategy is based on a loan of means of payment, when the current liquidity is low.Most satisfying the requirements of the modern practice is a third strategy.It assumes that the current liquidity is maintained to the extent in which they are required to meet current requirements as well as the need to actively involve them in the market.
current liquidity, with all the above strategies and methods, in practice, to be the appropriate level, and themselves control strategies manifest themselves quite effective and widely used by modern banks in liquidity management.However, the presence of a number of indispensable condition for the success of their application does not give the bank the full confidence in the safety of their activities.These methods of resource management characterized by low accuracy, resulting in loss of a considerable part of the profit potential, and a situation where the current liquidity is reduced.In this case, they can only be used primarily for the settlement of the situation already.However, an effective way to preserve their liquidity bank is forecasting a possible escalation of negative circumstances in order to take preventive measures.So important at this stage it is to consider the practical manifestation of bank liquidity also as likvidnost- "forecast".
Likvidnost- "forecast" is characterized by the definition of possible scenarios in the bank's liquidity in the prevailing conditions and the adoption of a number of timely measures in order to derive maximum benefit from the situation.The methodology of the liquidity management in this approach based on the method of mathematical modeling of dynamic processes with optimization of specific indicators.These methods allow to increase the effectiveness of management decisions and provide the necessary level of security.
