main objectives of non-ferrous metallurgy are the mining and milling of metals and their repartition, production of rolled products and alloys.The Russian economy, the industry plays a very prominent role.By the number of deposits of non-ferrous metals, our country is one of the first places in the world.
main sub
all non-ferrous metals can be divided into two groups: heavy (lead, copper, zinc, tin and so on. D.) And light (aluminum, magnesium, titanium).Accordingly, the companies of the industry are divided into two large groups.Also, non-ferrous metallurgy of the country is divided into:
- copper;
- lead and zinc;
- tin;
- nickel-cobalt;
- aluminum;
- tungsten-molybdenum;
- gold mining;
- serebrodobyvayuschuyu;
- platinodobyvayuschuyu;
- titanium and magnesium.
part of the structure of such industries as ferrous metallurgy of Russia, and also diamond mining company.
conditions determining the geography
Placing non-ferrous metallurgy depends on a huge number of different natural and economic factors.However, the most significant may be considered:
- Raw.Most of where it is deposited colored ore dependent enterprises of heavy group.From the efficiency of geological exploration ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy of Russia, as in other countries, it is in direct proportion.
- Energy.This factor has a huge impact on the location of the factories specializing in the production and processing of both light and heavy metals.
Copper industry
non-ferrous metallurgy of this group in our country are mainly located in the Urals.Especially on the territory of the area allocated Krivogorodsky, Krasnouralsk, Mednogorsky Sredneuralsky and plants.Is engaged in mining copper in Revda, Sverdlovsk region, in Gai Orenburg region, in Baymak and Sibai (Bashkortostan).
Large mining and processing of copper available and Siberia (Norilsk and Monchegorsk).
nickel-cobalt industry
Location enterprises in this group is in a very strong dependence on raw material sources.Russia is represented by non-ferrous metals sub-sector of mostly metallurgical plants regions such as:
- Kola Peninsula.Here are mined and processed mostly sulfide copper-nickel ores.
- lower reaches of the Yenisei.The largest plant for processing sulphide ores located in the city of Norilsk.Produce in this venture platinum, cobalt, nickel, copper and some rare metals.
- Urals.Enterprises in the region specialize mainly in the processing of oxide ores.They are located in cities such as Orsk, Upper Ufaley, Dir.
lead-zinc industry
Companies in this group are located in:
- North Ossetia (Sadonskoe deposit);
- Kemerovo region (Salair);
- Chita region (Nerchinsk deposits);
- Primorsky Krai (Dalnegorsk).
tin mining industry
Focused non-ferrous metals Russia this subsector mainly in areas that consume the finished product.Some businesses are also located on the road transport of concentrated feed.This causes the geography of this industry in that tin is spread mainly in small fields.And so in this case the construction of large plants with them impractical.Besides raw material tin mining industry itself has a high degree of transportability.
mainly of non-ferrous metal resources are concentrated in the Far East and Eastern Siberia.The largest enterprises in these regions considered solar plants, Sherlovogorskaya, Hrustalnensky, Ese-Hay.
aluminum industry
The main features of this sub-sector include companies use only very high quality raw materials.Boksidy mined mainly:
- the Northwest (Boksitogorsk);
- the Urals (Severogorsk, Krasnoustinsk, Kamensk-Uralsky).
Large deposits of the raw materials such as nepheline, located mainly on the Kola Peninsula (Kirovsk) and Eastern Siberia (Goryachegorsk, Achinsk).
Most of the centers for the production of light metal from raw material sources pretty much removed.The aluminum industry in Russia is very energy-intensive, represented mainly by companies located far from sources of affordable energy - hydroelectric power station (in Volkhov, Kandalaksha, Volgograd, Bratsk, Krasnoyarsk, Shelekhov and so on. D.).
titanium-magnesium industry
The most important principle of the location of enterprises of this group is also the proximity to cheap sources of energy.If magnesium processing plants can still be located near deposits of raw materials, the titanium complexes almost always built near hydroelectric power station.Mainly Russian non-ferrous metallurgy centers this subsector focused on the Urals.Plants for the processing of the alloys are usually located in areas of consumption of finished products.
gold mining industry is one of the most important groups of companies such industries as ferrous metallurgy in Russia.In gold mining, our country takes 5-6 place in the world.At the same proven reserves - the second.In tsarist Russia the precious metal mined and processed mainly in the vicinity of the alluvial deposits.At the moment most of them are already exhausted.Therefore, the emphasis is now being done on the development of primary deposits.
Himalayan gold mainly in Siberia, the Far East and the Urals.The major share of its production accounts for mines:
- Udereysky.This mine is located in the Krasnodar region.
- Soloviev.It is the oldest and largest mine of the Amur region specializing in the production of placer gold.
- Nevyanovsky.It is also a very old mine, opened in 1813.
- Gradskaya.This mine was discovered first in the history of Russian diamond.
- Ksenevsky.
- Condor.This is a relatively new mine opened in the 60s.Extract is not only gold, and platinum.
- Dambuki.This is not one, but two mine: the old and new.
- Altai.Developed more than 50 years, but there is still enough gold.
leader of the gold mining industry today is OJSC "Polyus Gold", a leading development in the Irkutsk, Magadan, Amur regions and the Krasnodar region.
Diamond mining
The structure of this industry, non-ferrous metallurgy in Russia, includes including enterprise, specializing in the production of this precious mineral.Major domestic and its reserves in the country are located in Yakutia.The largest enterprises of the region are successful and Jubilee, which accounted for 75% of all diamonds mined in Russia.Kimberlite pipes lie in:
- Arkhangelsk region;
- Irkutsk region;
- Krasnoyarsk Territory.
are potentially diamondiferous Leningrad region and Karelia.
most productive are Russian non-ferrous metallurgy of this group, leading the development of diamonds in primary deposits.On alluvial mining is carried out in mainly small businesses.
Serebrodobyvayuschaya industry
Geography ferrous metals sub-sector of the very, very broad.Development of deposits of silver being in our country in more than 20 regions.In the production of this precious metal, our country ranks first in the world.Lead is Dukat deposit in Magadan region.
platinum mining
Most of this metal is mined in Russia, in the Urals.A lot of platinum in the Baikal region, Taimyr and Kola Peninsula.Promising in this respect are of Karelia and the Voronezh region.
Despite the rather difficult economic conditions, ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy of Russia - developing and promising industry.In any case, this group of companies for the most part remain profitable.A lot of attention is given to steel companies and the state.
