Baikal with its surroundings is a very beautiful place, the amazing landscapes and wonders which can tell a very long time.This is a land with a very beautiful nature: fabulous landscapes, quaint headlands, spectacular cliffs and other beauties encountered at every step.
The fauna of Lake Baikal is extremely diverse, as the nature here remained almost intact, and the indigenous population lives in the traditional way.Because of this, this place attracts eco-tourists each year from around the world.
The fauna of Lake Baikal
inhabits a huge number of animals, some of which can be found only in this place.For example, the seal - a cute little animal, which became long been a symbol of the lake.Or fish-golomyanka - crystal clear!In Lake Baikal fauna is represented by lots of different fish, seal and so forth. On the shore of squirrels, sables, deer, wild boars, foxes, that tourists are very common.Wolves, bears and lynx are kept away from the tourist trails.Day and night birds sing here.And if we talk about fish, the sturgeon, grayling, whitefish and cisco are typical inhabitants of local waters.
Baikal seal
where the only representative of mammals - a Baikal seal (or seal).And if we consider the problem of the lake, we can note precisely what this animal is on the verge of extinction.
There are several hypotheses about how the seal got here.There is a version that it has penetrated here from the Arctic Ocean during the glacial period on the rivers dammed by ice.
this awesome beast almost all his life in the water, surfacing every 20 minutes for a portion of fresh air.In winter, he breathes through a special vent - small air holes, which creates ice raking bottom claws of forepaws.Seal winter in dens, arranging them in a hummocky parts of the lake under the snow.Around lair there are over 10 different auxiliary air holes.They can defend from the ground for tens of meters.It has been proven that the ability to make air holes is a natural instinct.
main food is seals golomyanka-goby fish.The day she eats 3-5 kg of fresh fish.Adult seals for the year eats up a ton of fish.
Around 4 years the female becomes sexually mature.1-2 years later, reach sexual maturity and females.We seal pregnancy lasts 11 months.Up to the age of forty, she is able to produce offspring.
In February-April puppies are born.They appear in the snowy lair, on the ice, feeding breast milk.Basically seal gives birth to 1st, sometimes two babies weighing up to 4 kilograms.The Cubs have white fur, which allows them to remain virtually invisible in the snow.
average weight of 50 kg of seals, the maximum - 150 kg.Speed sailing animal - up to 20 kilometers per hour.
Most golomyanka
Baikal lives 2 kinds golomyankas - small and large.These two species are found at considerable depths.They are held in the afternoon at a depth of 500 m, rising up to 50 meters at night. As the water of Lake Baikal is very clean, you can see these beautiful fish pink, iridescent rainbow hues all of about 20 centimeters.In golomyanka translucent body because of the sheer fat content (about 45%).
It is a viviparous fish.At the same time more special birth larvae occurs in the fall, while at the low in June.In a large number of larvae golomyanka about 4000, at the small - 2500.
Fish live up to 5 years.In the food consumed young fish and crustaceans.
Baikal omul
Omul - the main food fish.Pure water lake allows to live in her four races cisco: Chivyrkui, Selenga, Severobaikalsk embassy.
autumn, during ikrometa all races go to its own river.Progress to spawn in the river begins in the lining of the water temperature in August and September.In October, spawning occurs at a temperature of not more than 5 ° C water.Egg development lasts 8 months and young larvae of the ramp ends at the end of May.The young omul, hitting the estuarine areas in the lower reaches of the rivers, in litters, the bays are delayed by 1.5 months, as in May and June, these areas are characterized by the best warming of water.
fry in the warm shallow waters intensively eats small chironomid larvae, plankton and so forth. The larvae become fry, and as soon as the water coastal areas of the lake and the product has reached 11˚S more omulevaya juveniles gradually dissipated on Lake Baikal fauna is so rich anddiverse.
Adults cisco becomes the 5th year of his life.
size of fish of different races differ.The largest is the Selenga race.In summer catch average body weight reached 404 grams with a body length of 35 centimeters.The smallest size of the North-Baikalian different race, which reaches an average weight of catches in the summer of 255 grams.
maximum weight of fish - 5 kg.
Baikal sturgeon
very rich fauna of Lake Baikal.Briefly about it, it should tell you about Baikal sturgeon.He constantly lives here and is associated mainly with the rivers during breeding that occurs in V. Angara, Barguzin and Selenga.Although rivers it can live continuously, especially during the first 3 years.Juveniles later rolled into the lake.It is common within the sturgeon in the vast area.He mastered the shallow zone up to 200 m. In the period of spawning fish migrate along the rivers is almost 100 km from the mouth.
Baikal sturgeon grows relatively long time.Males reach sexual maturity of 15 years, while only females 20 years.
Once upon a time caught fish whose weight reached 200 kilograms;at the moment rare representative of the weight to 90 kg.In females, the average body weight of 22.5 kilograms with a length of 160 centimeters, the males about 13.5 kilograms with a length of about 130 centimeters.Average fertility of fish - 420,000 eggs.
composition fish food varied that caused wealth of Lake Baikal.The fauna that attracts sturgeon - is worms, mollusks, larvae of stoneflies, chironomids, amphipods, sculpin, occasionally juveniles of cyprinids and perch.
Black Baikal grayling
Endemic species of grayling.Fish spread around Lake Baikal (Russia), especially near the mouth of the river, where it multiplies.He lives in shallow waters (up to 15 m) off the coast, where there are rocky soils.
In warm periods makes migration to the major tributaries of Lake Baikal.At this time males become colorful, bright attire.In black grayling spawning takes place in May.After that, the fish is sinking into the lake, and the fish fry and larvae grayling linger there for a long time.By the fall they will also roll into the lake bed, and large rivers.
have black grayling puberty comes to four years.
Food: larvae of caddis flies, chironomids, gammarids, mayflies and insects.
average size - 250 mm with a body weight of 300 grams.Maximum length black grayling 530 mm and weighs 1.2 kg.
white Baikal grayling
endemic species grayling differs from black lighter colors and some biological features.
He lives across the lake, while drawn to the spaces at the mouths of major tributaries, mainly the north-eastern and eastern parts of the lake.
White view more black.Its maximum weight is about 2 kg and more with a body length of about 600 mm.The average size of the fish is 300 mm and weighs 500 grams
have fish puberty comes to seven years.The average fertility of the white kind of is 5 times more black.
Spawning occurs in May, when the water temperature is 14˚S.At this time the eggs are laid on the sandy coastal shelf at a depth of about 50 cm. The regression and fish fry is the same as that of the black grayling.
Foods is a rich fauna of Lake Baikal: the larvae of stoneflies, caddisflies, chironomids, mayflies, dragonflies.
Prongs
moose elk - is the biggest beast of the Baikal region.Its average weight is 400 kilograms, and some males weigh 0.5 tons. The body length of up to 3 meters and a height at the withers of about 2.3 m. In this case, the males from the females are large in size, as well as those that have a shovel-annually alternatedhorns.The most powerful horns appear in males 15 years old.In January antlers fall off, new growth begins in March.
Hong happens at the end of September.In May, the fauna of the lake is enriched by - the females are born calves.
Moose kept in groups of 4-6 individuals or singly.
winter they feed on tree bark and shoots in the summer - a variety of herbs.
Musk deer Musk deer
- the smallest deer, who lives on the shores of Lake Baikal.The fauna of these places is very diverse.Musk deer as many of particular interest.The body length is 1 meter at a weight of about 17 kilograms.The hind legs are much longer than the front.No horns, although the males have curved, long fangs.
lives in the forest, feeding on terrestrial and arboreal lichens.
Hong happens in November, pregnancy lasts about 190 days.Born one, sometimes two cubs.
Assessing problems of Baikal, it should be noted also the rapid disappearance of the species.This is mainly due to the fact that it is actively hunting.This is due to the musk gland found in male stomach.Musk - a gelatinous, thick substance with a very strong odor, which is used in perfumery and medicine.
