Ukrainian Energy is composed of power generation enterprises of all possible types - thermal power plants, hydroelectric power stations, nuclear power stations.On the stability of the first type is strongly influenced by the current economic situation, which is worsening due to reduced supplies of coal from the Donbas.
Determination TES
Thus TPP - is power, power units which first convert the chemical energy of the combustible hydrocarbon fuel (coal, gas, oil) into thermal energy of steam, then mechanical energy of the rotor driven turbines and synchronous generators, and finallyinto electrical energy produced by the stator windings to the power grid.
TPP can be both large power plants of a capacity of several thousand MW, and the relatively small objects ranging from a few hundred kW to several MW.
Because their work is always accompanied by the burning of fossil fuels to release into the atmosphere of a large volume of flue gas, the thermal power plant - is a major factor of environmental pollution.Therefore, the work of these companies is always under scrutiny as a public service of environmental control and the public.
Classification TPP
It is performed on the basis of the design of their power units.There are several types.
1. boiler-turbine TPP - ES is a mandatory step in the production of steam.As part of their power units are steam boilers and steam turbines.Among them are:
• Condensation ES (IES).During the Soviet period they were called State District Power Plant (GRES).They produce only electricity.
• Combined heat and power (CHP).These companies have, in contrast to the IES, except for electricity production, more and more a function of steam and hot water for heating.
2. Gas Turbine ES .These power units no steam boilers and gas turbines drive spin energy of the hot flue gases from the combustion of fuel (natural gas, diesel fuel).
3. Combined-cycle thermal power plant - an analogue of the CHP, in which steam is produced by the residual heat of the flue gases discharged from the gas turbine.
4. Diesel Electric.
5. Combined ES .
General characteristic energy of Ukraine
The country has four nuclear power plants, a cascade of five powerful hydroelectric station on the Dnieper, Dniester PSP, a number of hydropower plants on the rivers of Transcarpathia, as well as about fifty CHP and CHP with different power - 20 mW (Lviv TPP-1)up to 3600 MW, which is the largest thermal power plant - Zaporizhia.The same power has Vuhlehirska power station, but it is close to the confrontation line in the Donbas and works part-time.
In Ukraine, created the United Energy System (UES), which includes fourteen TPP, four nuclear power plants, seven hydroelectric power stations, three pumped storage, as well as ninety-seven CHP, small hydro, Eastern, Northern, and others. The installed capacity of ES ECO Ukraine is 53, 78 million kW.In 2012, they had produced 198 119 000 000 kW ∙ h of electricity.
This nuclear issue to the network stable power regardless of the time of day, and the TPP of Ukraine, along with its hydroelectric power station, working with variable capacity, cover daily peak load.
main power generating company
centralized electricity production in the UPS of Ukraine carried ES belonging to the seven power generating enterprises.Of these, four companies with a total installed capacity of 18.2 million kw - "Kyivenergo", "Dniproenergo", "Zapadenergo" "Vostokenergo" - part of the Donetsk Fuel and Energy Company (DTEK), which, through its holding company "System Capital Management"controls oligarch Rinat Akhmetov.Small companies "Donbasenergo" with an installed capacity of 2.855 million KW controls the company "Energoinvest holding" from Donetsk.Finally, the two remaining companies are under government control.This "Centrenergo" with an installed capacity of 7.575 million KW and NJSC "Energoatom" with installed capacity of 14, 140 million kW.
problems in the Ukrainian TPPs
The main problem is the significant reduction in the supply of coal from the Donets Basin, and the lack of funds for its purchase.Coal shortage is a common problem for all regions and power generating companies.
began June and warehouses CHP is still half-empty.During March and April of coal stocks at thermal power plants in Ukraine grew from 750 to 850 thous. Tons.And save up to beginning of the heating season, a minimum of 3 million tons, and even better - 4 million tons of coal.
If warehouses are filled with the same slow, then the winter will accumulate no more than 1.3-1.5 million tons of coal.At the same meager stocks of last winter had to introduce the practice of rolling blackouts, but the ECO countries have not collapsed only because of Russian coal and electricity.
However, last winter was quite warm.If the cold will be more serious, and coal will remain as little problems begin much earlier and more significant impact on citizens and businesses (which still continue to hold).
the summer of TPP to work at reduced capacity so that its deficit ECO reaches 3 million kW.The experience of last year, early in the winter it can be increased up to 6 million kw, and then under the condition that there will be rampant severe frosts.
Recent developments in the energy sector of Ukraine
the end of May, there were two high-profile events associated with stopping power station.Thus, the company "Donbasenergo" Slavyanskaya TPS stopped, and the state company "Centrenergo" - work Zmievskoy TPP in the Kharkiv region.
In the Slavic TPP stop its owner accused Ukrainian state company refused to pay for supplied electricity.The problem has obvious political overtones, because one of the company's thermal power plants "Donbasenergo" - Starobeshevskaya - located in the DNI.The total debt of the state company "Energy", with all the leading mutual energogeneneriruyuschimi and energy supply companies, to "Donbasenergo" today reaches about $ 72 million at current exchange rates.
Zmiivska TPP stopped work solely because of the lack of coal, which is only enough for one unit.However, it is economically disadvantageous.Therefore, the station hopes to save coal for two or three units.
