Despite the fact that Russia is at the forefront in the world among countries with oil and gas reserves, domestic geologists do not stop their work, opening new fields.By the end of the 1980s, going beyond the boundaries of the land, the researchers engaged in Arctic waters.As a result, the shelf were discovered huge reserves, the development of which can significantly change the situation on the world oil and gas market.
ice resistant stationary platform "Prirazlomnaya": the value
It should be noted that the search for the field, in principle, does not make such a big deal, as the subsequent extraction of minerals identified.For centuries, the severe nature of the Arctic did not allow the man to invade its borders.However, with the increase in fuel prices together with the development and introduction of new technologies it has become necessary to increase the national reserves of the country.Therefore, work has begun on the platform."Prirazlomnaja" for Russia acts not only as an object with which it is possible to make enormous profits.Activities for the extraction of fuel will provide the status of the country of the great Arctic power, increase the prestige of the state through the development of high-tech industry.Next, consider how to begin to operate "Prirazlomnaya" platform.Image, and a brief description of the problems will be given in the article.
terrain
in 1990-2000 to conduct serious activity on the shelf have not yet spoken.However, the government in collaboration with industry has formed a set of priority fields in the Arctic.One of them was the land, located offshore in the Pechora Sea, not far from the coast (60 km).Depth is also relatively small - 19-20 meters.However, this does not mean that the complexity is not assumed in the operation."Prirazlomnaya" platform had to meet the requirements of the climatic conditions.In the initial stages of its operation it was considered impossible.Primarily, this was due to the fact that the oil companies had not only to withstand the polar night and nine months of winter with temperatures below -46 degrees.In addition, people should ensure that the station is not crushed ice thickness - more than 1.5 meters and 3.5 meters in the hummocks.Furthermore, near field drift occurs periodically.
Expected launch date
World history knows no analogue of "Gazprom" for the extraction of oil in the Prirazlomnoye field.Therefore, in terms of the prestige of the state to develop the shelf it acted as a crucial task.However, in an effort to establish such a record may be lost immediate economic benefits.In the 1990s, the beginning built platform "Prirazlomnaya".It was constructed on the "Sevmash".However, due to lack of funding, the project was frozen.The idea back in 2000.At that time, it remained unclear until the end, who of the leading oil and gas companies will develop the shelf.Nevertheless, it was planned to start production by 2005.However, in practice the timing shifted for at least 8 years."Gazprom" planned to begin development in 2013.But while not preclude subsequent correction of the period.Previously timeline also shifted: from 2010 to 2011 and then 2010.
Construction
on "Sevmash" in the early 2000s decided to reduce the time during which was created "Prirazlomnaja."Platform (photo below shows a general view of buildings) built parts.Primarily engaged in the creation of the lower half - caisson.The upper portion including residential units, it was decided to purchase later on the side.In 2002, "Sevmash" drew attention to the platform "Hutton".She once worked in the North Sea and has been written off at the end of service life.If home buyers turned a little later, "Hatton" would be cut for scrap.
first scandal
He is connected with the purchase of the platform "Hutton".This transaction was extremely opaque.During 2002, the platform has been resold several times.The first transaction was at the price of 29 million dollars., Then an offshore company Monitor TLP Ltd decommissioned complex was sold to Russia already for $ 67 million. The Norwegian press, however, pointed and other amounts (60.7 and 83.2 million).This stipulated that the difference between these two figures is net profit Monitor.Nobody knows what really happened - Russia overpaid or underpaid, this offshore.However, domestic specialized forums were interested in these deals, cited quotes Norwegian publications.In particular, one of them said that Russia closely and to other stations, among which was the platform to function in Alaska.Its cost, according to some sources, estimated at $ 60 million. Domestic companies have found it too high.
history radioactivity
should be noted that the cost is not the only suspicious problem that is linked "Prirazlomnaja."The platform "Hutton" as found Arkhangelsk journalists turned radioactive.And before you start upgrading the top, I had to clean the bottom sector.But the history of radioactivity has not received wide publicity and are therefore not caused a public outcry.
Completion
few years "Sevmash" caisson modernized and adapted the upper part of a foreign platform.Construction of the docks was completed by the summer of 2011.The result is a square MISP "Prirazlomnaja" - a platform with the parties in the 126 meters at the base and with the height of the box in 24.3 m (40.5 m with a baffle).She had to make 36 wells, 19 of which are producing.Upon completion of construction of the drilling platform "Prirazlomnaya" went to only your flight - to the field.
Infrastructure
It was created in parallel with the construction and modernization.The most important components of the infrastructure were to be two tankers.The year-round, they had to take the field has produced raw materials.I must say that the reservoir, which has a platform "Prirazlomnaya" has a fairly large volume - about 100 thousand tons.However, in the case of reaching the design capacity of 6 million tons per year (16.4 ths. Tons per day), it will be filled in about a week.The documentation states that tankers should be sent to the station every 5-6 days.They themselves were built on time (which is not the date when it was fully ready "Prirazlomnaya" platform).Shipping on the first tanker was completed in April 2014.In September of the same year it was produced millions of barrels.
Features constructions
"Prirazlomnaja" - a platform through which the complex of technological operations.It is designed in such a way as to ensure maximum safety of extraction of raw materials.Caisson simultaneously acts as a repository for oil.The system provides for storage of raw materials wet method of its placement in the tanks.At the same oil that enters the store, replacing a ballast water.When pumping is reversed: the raw material is replaced by water.This, in turn, eliminates the penetration of oxygen into the container and provides no space for accumulation of explosive gases.Oil platform "Prirazlomnaya" equipped with an automatic safety and control.Thanks to the remote monitoring of the processes of production, storage, preparation of raw materials, production and distribution of electricity.In addition, a situation analysis pozharogazovoy.If necessary, the system will activate an emergency stop processes and equipment.Operation is fully automated mode, which reduces the impact of the human factor to zero.
"Prirazlomnaya" platform: Greenpeace (2013)
In September of that year, Greenpeace activists attempted to hold a rally in protest of the construction operation.On inflatable boats six people descended from the ship Arctic Sunrise, and close to the structure.During the emergence of activists, as noted by the executive director of "Gazpromneft-shelf" Lubin, carried out underwater work.Divers carried a mandatory monitoring the technical condition of abandoned wells, fish protection devices embankment around the structure.The consequences of the actions of the activists could be the most unpredictable, and for divers - tragic.Riot police UPS FSB in Murmansk region were detained two activists.They were taken on board PSKR "Ladoga".During the operation was carried out preventive firing of artillery installations, located on the frontier guard ship and the AK-47.Ship Greenpeace activists were forcibly stopped, captured and brought to Murmansk.According to the Investigative Committee, the actions of environmental organizations may be regarded as piracy.In turn, the activists are protesting against the fact that ice-resistant platform "Prirazlomnaya" continued functioning, qualified the incident as an illegal seizure of the vessel is not within the forbidden zone.Later RF IC described the actions of the organization as the hooliganism.
risks
Environmental groups opposed to offshore platform "Prirazlomnaya" continued to function, said that Russia - a country with the largest reserves of fuel, so it makes no sense to start mining in extreme conditions.Of particular concern, and the tank.If anything happens to him, then 100,000 tons of oil will spill out.It threatens the global natural disaster.
