May 7, 1934 the Resolution of the Central Executive Committee, which created the Jewish Autonomous Region.His status was assigned Birobidzhan region.
story of
territory of the Amur region has long been inhabited by independent tribes that have small numbers.It was Tungus, Daur and duchers.Russian people began to explore these lands only in the middle of the 17th century.The impetus for this was the campaign Basil Poyarkova, which took place in June 1644 Russian influence on the Amur region secured Erofey Khabarov.After his campaigns, these lands were gradually joining the Russian state.
After the 1917 revolution, the new government has decided to attract the Jewish population to productive work and began to search for the area of his residence.The leaders of the Soviet Union was conceived plan that was supposed to be a Jewish Autonomous Region.This decision, among other things, had a political aspect.The creation of such autonomous region was to improve relations with the West, which at that time did not recognize the young state.In addition, the development of the Far East of the USSR was necessary, which is seriously threatened by the Japanese.
Decision on settlement of Jews in the Amur Region vacant land was taken by the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of 03.28.1928.08.20.1930 of the same Soviet authorities ordered the formation of the Birobidzhan region, which is part of the Far Eastern region.The center of this administrative unit was the station Tikhonkaya.In 1931 it was renamed to the village of Birobidzhan.Somewhat later, the status of the area was changed.Its territory was established Jewish Autonomous District.Legally this decision is fixed May 7, 1934 Resolution of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR.
Geography
Jewish Autonomous Region is located in the southern part of the Russian Far Eastern territories.In the western part of his he is adjacent to the Amur Region, and in the east - with the Khabarovsk Territory.The southern border of the Jewish autonomous region coincides with the state border of Russia.It runs along the Amur River, beyond which the land of China.
Jewish autonomy has an area of 36.3 thousand square kilometers.On 01.01.2015 the city on its territory lived 168 thousand. Residents.City Birobidzhan is the regional center of the district.
Promised Land
newly established autonomy was the fact that the revival of the sovereign territory of the Jewish population.The appearance of the district was the reason for activation of the immigration inflow from abroad.His permanent residence Far East have chosen about seven hundred people from Lithuania and Argentina, Latvia, France, Belgium, Germany, Poland, Palestine and the United States.
All of this suggests that the decision of the Soviet government caused quite a lively response among the Jews.This is not surprising.The long-suffering people rejoiced for him to release its own territory and the existence on it a semblance of statehood.
Location
City Birobidzhan so sonorous name received from the names of two local rivers flowing nearby - Beer and Bijan.On the banks of the first one and was elevated center of the newly formed Autonomous Region.Birobidzhan on the map can be found east of the Bijan.It runs parallel to the Bir and is a hundred kilometers from the city.It is said that these two rivers carry their waters to the mighty Amur.
Birobidzhan on the map Russia is one of the stations of the Trans-Siberian Railway.It is distinguished by its proximity to the border with China (all 75 kilometers).
Attractions
capital of the Jewish Autonomous Region of Birobidzhan's main street is named after Sholom Aleichem.On the territory of the park it is a monument to the famous Jewish writer.This two-meter copper figure of Shalom Aleichem (Solomon Naumovich Rabinovich), located on a stone pedestal.Decorate monument bronze bas-reliefs, which depict scenes from the writer described the life of the Jewish people.
Not far from the monument is the Regional Museum, whose exhibits are modern art.In the premises of this institution, you can admire the paintings by contemporary artists, written on the subject of the Old Testament.To date, this collection contains about two hundred pieces of different styles, authors are artists in several regions of Russia.
capital of the Jewish Autonomous District offers visitors and residents of the city to enjoy the work of the creative team of the regional philharmonic society.In this center of art and culture EAO implemented some very interesting creative projects that embody the sixty artists of different genres.
Philharmonic building construction was completed in 1984 and to date a spacious concert hall happy visits to seven hundred spectators.Comfortable working conditions are created for the creative teams.The building has a rehearsal and office space, dressing rooms, the most modern sound, light and video projection system.
The Regional Philharmonic festivals of Jewish and Slavic cultures.People come here to tour the famous Russian and foreign soloists and professional groups.
One of the cultural attractions of Birobidzhan is the Regional Museum.It is possible to familiarize with the history of Jewish autonomy, which appeared a few years before the state of Israel.The exhibition halls are items and documents reflecting the history of the emergence and development of the city.Here are collected the evidence of cultural and economic achievements, which boasts District.The museum is located not far from the synagogue in Lenin Street.
Birobidzhan Guests can explore the first stone church built in the region.It Annunciation Cathedral, which was completed in 2004
surprising environmental agency can be proud of the Jewish Autonomous Region.Birobidzhan offers visitors and residents of the city to visit the arboretum.On the vast territory of 19 hectares of cultivated special collection of plants.This great work is being done in order to enrich the plant resources in the region, as well as for economic, educational, educational and scientific activities.This park is rightly proud of the Jewish Autonomous Region.Map area indicates that this zone of coniferous-deciduous forests.That is why the arboretum grows a wide variety of trees.There are also shrubs.But, despite this, every year in the park is carried out planting of seedlings of cedar, fir and spruce.
for visitors to this unique area excursions, during which you can see a large number of tree species.Special trails route lies on a hill, which offers amazing views of the mountain ranges Uldury, Bastak, Shuah-Poktoy.Along the borders of the park has a small water bodies.Their inhabitants are small invertebrates, the Far East and Siberian salamander toads.
the list of attractions are also found in Birobidzhan:
- Lenin monument erected in front of the building where is located the regional government;
- stele erected at the entrance to the city, where there are signs both in Russian and Yiddish;
- a monument in honor of the first Jewish pioneers on the square in front of the station;
- a fountain with a Jewish menorah;
- memorial with an eternal flame in the memory of those residents who died during the Great Patriotic War;
- Orthodox chapel Reigning Mother of God, built in the park of the Victory;
- tank IS-3 installed as a monument in 2005 .;
- synagogue;
- sculpture of Jewish violinist and stele with the Muses at the Philharmonic;
- Church of St. Nicholas, made of wood in 1998-99.
All times
Due to the fact that in the Far East, far away from the capital of Russia is Jewish Autonomous Area, while it relatively Moscow shifted to 7 hours. This time zone of international standard referred to as VLAT / VLAST (Vladivostok Time Zone).With respect to Greenwich mean time is a shift of 11 hours.
Climate
Jewish Autonomous Region is located in an area dominated by dry and cold winter and wet and hot summers.It is a zone of temperate monsoon climate zone.By its natural conditions EAO is one of the most favorable locations of the Far East.Features climate zone is created excellent conditions for the development of herbal and forest vegetation and agricultural crops.
more severe climate is northern area district.Here are also some areas of permafrost.In the south, the natural conditions are more favorable for life.
average temperature in January in the territory of the Jewish Autonomous Region in the range of 21 to 26 degrees below zero.In July, the air is heated to 18-21 degrees.The average number of outliers in the year precipitation ranges from 500 to 800 mm.
Culture
Jewish Autonomous Region (Far Eastern Federal District) has its own unique twist.This is the most fertile territory of the Amur region is fertile ground for the development of art and culture.It is the oldest in the Jewish Autonomous Region in the Far East literary studio.Through the efforts of its members were published anthologies such as "Birobidzhan" and "Outpost".
Among the most important cultural events in the region - the establishment of the State Jewish Theater.In the 1970s, opened in Birobidzhan Jewish Chamber Musical Theater.Shortly thereafter, his performances began to please the audience and puppet theater ensemble of violinists.
Natural resources
the north of the Jewish Autonomous District, as well as in the north-western part of the ridges are located Pompeevskogo, Sutarsky, Lesser Hinggan and spurs Bureya range.The hills in the territory of the Jewish Autonomous Region, on the southern slopes are covered with its deciduous forests.On the north side of these hills grow mainly coniferous trees.In these parts can be found honeysuckle and wild vine, and Manchurian walnut.It grows here even cork.
on the territory of the Jewish Autonomous Region has a specially protected place.This is more than three hundred thousand hectares with one reserve, seven sanctuaries and nearly three dozen natural monuments.
amazing in its beauty the plant can be seen on the surface of the waters edge.In the summer here Komarov lotus blossoms.His huge, with a child's palm, dark pink petals adorn the water.
special geological structure of the EAO allows to make predictions about finding here of oil and gold ore, gas and rock phosphate, ornamental and facing stones, platinum and diamonds.At present, there is ongoing production of iron and manganese ore, talc and magnesite, peat and brown coal, fresh and thermo-mineral healing waters.
Administrative division
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR by its decision, published in 1991, singled out the Jewish Autonomous Region from the Khabarovsk Territory, making it an independent entity.In 2006 it was held the next municipal reform.As a result, the area was divided into five Jewish Autonomous District.Cities in EAO few.There are only two.It Birobidzhan, Birobidzhan is the center of the district, as well as irradiated (Obluchensky district).Centers for the other three areas are villages and towns.A list of these territorial entities listed below:
- Leninsky district - the center of the village of Lenin;
- Oktyabrsky district - the center of the village Amurzet;
- Smidovichsky district - the center of the village Smidovich.
Future prospects
From the 1990s on the status of the field started walking heated discussions.This was the period when the Jews en masse immigrated to Israel.The result was the collapse of the opinion of the JAR, as well as inexpedient its existence in the future.
Today drafted joining the Jewish Autonomous Region in the Khabarovsk Territory, as well as a proposal for inclusion in the Amur region to the simultaneous formation of the Amur region.
