Siberia - a unique natural area with stunning flora and fauna.The geographical features of these areas may be of interest not only to scientists and engineers, but also ordinary travelers and people who care about the planet and all its diversity.The basis for development of the regions is often the water.Perhaps that is why not start with the introduction of water resources.So, what are the internal waters of Eastern Siberia, that they are worth knowing?Let's examine the details of the river, the lake, the sea in the region, flora and fauna, as well as its geographical and climatic features.
Geographical location
region covers seven million square kilometers.Geography Eastern Siberia includes the territory from the mountains, creating a divide between the Pacific and the Arctic Ocean to the Yenisei basin.In the center is Central Siberian Plateau.In addition, there are two lowland.This North-Central Siberia and Yakutia.Mountains are found in the Trans-Baikal and Yenisei Ridge.
length of the region from north to south is three thousand kilometers.The boundaries of Eastern Siberia are located at Mongolia and China.To the north is the extreme point of Cape Chelyuskin.Most of the territory is different enough high position above sea level.The rivers of Eastern Siberia, the list of the biggest of which will be seen below, characterized by high water and fast currents, they are often sent by deep valleys.
The basis of land located Archean-Proterozoic basement, which appears on the surface in the south-west and the north.Soils include slates, marbles, charnockites.Features tectonic plates in this area provide a recognizable stepped relief.Interestingly, a similar organization the surface is observed even under the waters of Lake Baikal, the bottom of which also deepens wide ledges.
Lena
The first is to specify one of the greatest rivers in the world.Its length is four thousand four hundred kilometers, and the pool area - four hundred and ninety thousand square kilometers.Its main area is located in the Irkutsk region and Yakutia.The source is located on the slopes of the Baikal ridge at an altitude of almost a thousand meters above sea level, and flows into the Lena in the Laptev Sea.Most of the way the river flows through rocks and taiga.In winter it freezes almost to the bottom, and in the dry summer could dry up completely.Power is provided by the Lena river sediments and lakes Baikal region.In some areas, it reaches a depth of ten meters, and the width of the valley can be up to thirty kilometers.
Beach it asymmetrical - one a gentle slope, and the second - high and steep.Tributaries, which also provide the power of the Lena River are Vitim Viluy, Aldan.Near Yakutsk interesting natural terraces formed from sand.Over a hundred and fifty kilometers from the sea begins the delta, which is one of the largest in the world.Its territory covers thirty thousand square kilometers - more impressive scale can not boast of even the Nile.In the delta there are numerous islands, formed from sand brought over.
spring Lena often overflows, especially in the upper reaches.Floods can happen in the summer, after heavy rains.At such moments, the pool is even more ambitious, but it is not always safe to stay.
Yenisei
continue to explore the inland waters of eastern Siberia.Yenisei is one of the largest rivers of the Russian Federation.The name comes from the Evenki word "Jonas", which means "big water".The river is the most abounding.
pool mainly located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory.Upper in the territory of Mongolia.The length of the Yenisei River is three thousand four hundred eighty-seven kilometers.Pool replenished many tributaries, most of which - the right bank.These include Tuba Angara Kan Kureyka, Stony and Lower Tunguska, Hantayka.Left tributaries are the Abakan, Sym, Kas Turuhan, Elohim.The impressive length of the Yenisei River and provides an impressive annual flow - it is more than six kilometers.The pool is one hundred thousand lakes, the most famous of which is Lake Baikal.In addition, there are several dams and two large reservoirs - Sayano-Shushenskaya and Krasnoyarsk.Downstream, the river flows into the Yenisei Gulf, which refers to the Kara Sea.
Ob
Eastern Siberia is rich in great rivers.For example, the Ob - one of the largest not only in Russia, but also on the Eurasian continent.It is formed by the confluence of the Katun and the Biya and flows to the Kara Sea.The length of the river is three thousand six hundred and fifty kilometers.The top flow has a broad valley.It narrows the mouth only in the city Kamen-na-Obi.Major tributaries include the Tom, the Chulym, Tym, Ket Wah and, Vasyugan, Irtysh and Bolshoi Yugan.In addition, the territory of many major cities it crosses the river Ob.Barnaul, Salekhard, Surgut, Novosibirsk - they all stand on its banks.
In the upper reaches it is bottled from April to June, and below the flood occurs from April until September.Ice can cover it up to two hundred and twenty days a year.The banks are covered with forest, and often quite exalted, in the clay areas hidden shells and fossils.The riverbed every year slightly change its appearance - the left bank of the urge and the right fills with sand and silt.In addition, the spring flood of the river rises by four meters, making it the boundaries highly uncertain.
Ural
length of the river Yenisei much more impressive, and the Urals is also significant.It is characterized by a length of two thousand four hundred twenty-eight kilometers and an area of two hundred and thirty one thousand square kilometers.The source is located on a ridge Uraltau.This is a fairly shallow river - in the upper reaches it and does rarely exceeds a depth of half a meter.Urals are powered Sakmara and Ilek, as well as rain and melting snow.
River is full of diverse fish - here goes fishing for sturgeon, sturgeon, bream, pike-perch, carp, pike, roach, bream, roach, chub, ide, gudgeon, bream, grayling.In winter it freezes Urals - in the upper reaches - in early November, and the lower - the end.Coming off the ice in April.
Selenga River in East Siberia, the list of which is worthy of study, include this one.Selenga is the largest tributary of Lake Baikal and flows from Mongolia.Its source is a fusion of Ider Gol and Delger-Mourin.On the origin of the river there is an interesting hypothesis.For example, once upon a time it was combined with a hangar.According to another theory, the Selenga was a tributary of the Lena.Opinions about the origin of the name is also different.Some believe that "Selenga" in Evenki associated with the word "iron" - "sele".According to other opinions, are in the Buryat word "Sal", which indicate there is water.The length of the river is eight hundred seventy kilometers.
tributaries of the Selenga are Dzhida, Hillock, Uda, Chikoy, Temnik.In Baikal it brings thirty cubic kilometers of water per year, accounting for half of the total inflow.The volume depends on the season of the year - in June and July Selenga most full-flowing, and from January to March noticeably shallower.After heavy rains, the river basin spreads, the level can increase by twenty centimeters per hour.Selenga brings to the Baikal is not only water, but also suspended solids - sand, the amount of which can reach up to three and a half million tons per year, contaminating its bottom.Falling into the lake, the river forms an impressive delta, which is a lot of kilometers covered by unconsolidated sediments.Outwardly, it seems marshy plain, which is divided into tiny islets channels and oxbow Selenga.Main for in this area goes under, the same unusual way Selenga and combined with Baikal.
Before the construction of a large hydroelectric power station in Irkutsk Delta area was many times more.In addition, this area stands out seismic activity - earthquakes here in the capacity of ten points.Delta has been listed by UNESCO as a unique natural phenomenon with planetary value, it is a protected area.On conservation area inhabited by almost three hundred species of birds, seventy of which are listed in the Red Book.These include the black crane, peregrine falcon, white-tailed godwit and Asia.In the east of the delta is an ornithological reserve "Kabansky" engaged in rescue of endangered species.
Baikal
studying the internal waters of the Eastern Siberia, we can not forget about this lake.It is the largest freshwater throughout the continent, and a third of all water bodies.Find the mark "Lake.Baikal "on the map it is not hard - its length is more than six hundred kilometers, width - eighty, so note this point will be easy.
On the banks of the pond are many amazing centuries inhabited by people, but nature is still wild and unspoiled seems, creating a special atmosphere of a natural reserve.Perhaps it is because he is considered one of the best places on the planet, and even the guides marked on the UNESCO list.
The lake is Olkhon.Holy Nose peninsula divides the lake.Baikal in two parts.The maximum depth of water reaches a thousand three hundred and seventy-two meters.Moreover, the bottom descends quite sharply differing steep slopes directly into the coastal strip.A kilometer or two from the shore begins a thick layer of silt.Mostly bottom is covered with a large number of logs, stumps and entire sunken trees.
have the largest lake in Eastern Siberia three hundred thirty-six tributaries, the most significant are the Upper Angara and Tunguska.Baikal is known for crystal clear and transparent waters.By December, the lake freezes, and in May, the ice goes.In the winter months the ice directly passes trade route, while in summer there are actively carried Shipping.The water is quite cold - the wind blows away the warm surface layer is constantly mixing it with depth.From spring until August there is thick fog.
Recent studies have shown that the lake is inhabited by a variety of mollusks and invertebrates, as well as an impressive number of species of fish.Amazing water, which remains transparent even under the ice, is a landmark, known at the international level - look at the flawless surface of Lake Baikal, people come from all over the world.However, deteriorating environmental situation on the planet could lead to the disappearance of this phenomenon - the pond is losing purity and could change in the coming decades.
Taimyr
Inland waters of Eastern Siberia are different variety of unusual features.For example, the well-known Lake Taimyr is interesting because it is the most northerly in the world.It flows into the river of the same name - Taimyr.The lake is located far from the Arctic Circle and the northernmost point is at seventy-six degrees latitude.As some of the rivers of Eastern Siberia, the pond is frozen for many months of the year.We are located off the coast of the island - they are different circular shape, rocky shores and cliffs, some are glaciers.It is known that the lake.Taimyr is the territory that was once the bottom of the sea.This affects the terrain surrounding the pond land.The study of the shoreline was conducted in the forties of the eighteenth century - were engaged in this famous travelers Laptev Chekin and Chelyuskin.
Lake Khantayskoye
Another large body of water located in the southern part of the Taimyr Peninsula.Locals call it differently - Kutarmo.Also known version of "Big Khantayskoye."Nearby is the village of the same name, which was founded eighty years ago.
This reservoir is considered unique because of its depth - it can be up to four hundred and twenty meters, second only to the Caspian Sea and Lake Baikal.Lake Khantayskoye stretches eighty kilometers long and twenty-five wide, covering an area of eight hundred twenty-two square kilometers.The pond is located in the tectonics-glacial valley, which is on the Putorana Plateau, which lies at an altitude of sixty-five meters above sea level.With the nearby lake called Small Khantayskoye it connects a channel.This area is located above the Arctic Circle, so the weather is typical for the region, severe enough - there is permafrost, so the water is very cold Hantayskogo lake, and all year round.
Kara Sea
Inland waters of Eastern Siberia are directly connected with external reservoirs.Therefore, no harm will explore the region and the sea.For example, Kara, which is included in the group of the Siberian Arctic.It refers to the continental type of marginal seas and forms the border of East Siberia in the north of the region.The area is eight hundred eighty-three thousand square kilometers, making it one of the largest.The volume of water reaches ninety-eight thousand cubic meters.The average depth is equal to one hundred and ten, and the maximum - six hundred meters.The waters are a large number of archipelagos, which are located along the coast.In cold weather, over some areas of the sea there are hurricane winds.Cyclone west bears on land warm air mass, most often it is the case in February.Then comes the spring, the air heats up quickly, and the hottest month is July, when temperatures on the coast may be up to plus twenty degrees Celsius.Kara Sea has a great importance for the region because it flow many rivers of Eastern Siberia.For example, it is Ob and Yenisei.
Climatic features
nature of the weather in any territory determined by its geographical location.The climate of Eastern Siberia, remote from the Atlantic Ocean, can be called continental.It is notable seasonal temperature fluctuations, a little cloudy and not too abundant rainfall.In winter the weather is determined by the Asian anticyclone.This means that during the day may be a strong temperature fluctuations.Formed snow, the temperature can drop to minus forty, and in the lowlands - to minus sixty.At the same time the arrival of masses of warm daytime temperature could increase to zero.In the summer of cyclones coming from the west and provides an impressive amount of precipitation.The annual number of them ranges from one hundred and thirty to one thousand millimeters.
most mild conditions different Central Siberian Plateau.The territory of Yakutia is characterized by aridity, and the area of Lake Baikal close to sea conditions, due to the large size of the lake.Minimum precipitation in the region falls in February and March.The climate of Eastern Siberia creates conditions for the dense forests, which cover almost the whole territory, as well as step - they are even sixty degrees north latitude.The harsh climate of these places provided Siberia ominous place in history - despite the fact that the natural resources of the region are impressive richness, deep drifts and constant cold made this land a place of exile.To this day, many places are still uninhabited by man, preserving the pristine nature of it is due to severe climatic conditions.
Flora and fauna
Natural resources of Eastern Siberia are vast and varied.It is here that is the main wood production.Trees in the region represented by such species as pine, cedar, fir, spruce and larch.In addition, in eastern Siberia, inhabited by many different animals.One of the most important species is a protein.In the mountains of the area inhabited by marmots, Kamchatka and the black-capped.In the forests you can meet Asian wood mice, voles Siberia.The animals of the Red Book is the local Tuvan beaver.On the banks of the Yenisei meet Asian long-tailed ground squirrels.In boreal regions the most rare and unusual animals considered to be a lemming, live there as voles and other species.Bats are presented with a leather jacket and Daubenton's bat.
insect species there a little.Small animals are presented shrews and hedgehogs dahurica.In the East Siberian taiga live brown bears, moose and lynx, foxes, badgers and polecats.Distributed deer and sable, and in some places there are deer, flying squirrel, hare and rodents.The variety that distinguishes these natural resources in Eastern Siberia, ensures its historical status as one of the raw materials regions.
