in the history of Russian literature of the first writer who became famous all over the world during his lifetime, was Derzhavin GR biography and his work became known in Europe thanks to the spiritual ode "God".It was written by the author at the time of the highest enlightenment.
children and youth of the poet
Derzhavina biography brief, of course, can only display the key moments of his life.Gabriel came to light in July 1743 in the village of Karmachi located in Kazan province.
His parents came from a noble, but which did not have a large income, family.Father married childless widow Thecla Andreevnu Gorin.Gabriel was their first child.At 7 years old boy was sent to study in a private guest house of the German Rosa.He spent 4 years.In 1754, the head of the family died.The widow was left with three children on his hands, and had nothing to pay even the debts of her husband.Neighbors, taking advantage of her helplessness, and even taken away the lands that belonged to Derzhavin.And yet she was able to identify sons in high school that had just opened in Kazan.Gabriel showed great ability so that the headmaster mentioned it at the meeting with Shuvalov, a favorite of Empress Elizabeth.Count immediately ordered that along with other nobles conductor Corps of Engineers was recorded and Derzhavin GR biography as it indicates otherwise.Servant for whatever reasons identified in the Preobrazhensky Regiment of ordinary ordinary, and in 1762 had caused the service to St. Petersburg.The soldiers Gavrila Romanovich remained a long 10 years.Much of his experience over the years.At this time, there was a coup, power has changed: instead of the murdered Peter III reign beginning of Catherine II.But no matter how the day went Derzhavina at night he read the available books and wrote poems.
forced resignation.Marriage poet
only in 1772 made Derzhavin GR, whose biography before and was so hard that it finally was promoted to sergeant and was transferred to the barracks for the nobility.There, he became addicted to playing cards.The excited criminal case against him dragged on for 12 years, so anything and has not ended.His translations, poems and odes poet first published in 1773.For three years he was in the army of General Bibikov, who tried to quell the uprising E. Pugacheva.In his spare time Derzhavin continued to write.Suddenly authorities sent Gavrila Romanovich for his straightforward nature of resignation.Soon, he found an influential patron.They became Prince Vyazemsky.He helped Derzhavin get a position in the Senate.However, the poet realized that where there is no truth, he will not be able to work.In 1778 Gavrila Romanovich decided to marry.It became the chosen one 18-year-old Catherine Y. Bastidon.In the same period, the poet entered the literary circle.He turned to writing religious poetry.
patronage of Catherine II
appeared "Ode to Felice" led the Empress delight.In gratitude, she appointed a poet first Olonets, and then governor of Tambov.Here he immediately threw tireless activity.In Tambov opened a theater, an orphanage, school, People's House.Gavrila Romanovich fought as best he could with the bureaucracy and injustice.This did not please the authorities of St. Petersburg, it complained.Catherine decided that the more reliable will keep the poet with him and he is not no business charging.She ordered Derzhavin arrived in the capital for more than 2 years and lived there idly.Only in 1791, Catherine gave him a post: her personal secretary complaints now become Derzhavin GR his biography from now significantly changed.In 1793 Derzhavin became a senator and then president of the College of Commerce.The poet became quite wealthy and could afford to buy a house on the Fontanka.In the same year his first wife died.Gavrila Romanovich soon married again, this time in the late friend - Daria Dyakova.
New appointments
In 1796, after the death of the Empress, Paul I defined the poet ruler Council.Because of the daring behavior did not stay there long after GR Derzhavin his biography, however, while not particularly affected: it cost him to write a commendable ode to the emperor, he again received the highest number of nominations in a row.When the Emperor was Alexander I, he gave Derzhavin justice minister.However, in this post Gavrila Romanovich long remained, as, according to the governor, "too zealously served."
last years Derzhavina
In 1809 the poet definitively removed from all.He lived in the estate, then in St. Petersburg.His heirs Derzhavin was not.He was engaged in the upbringing of children deceased friend.I loved privechali Gavrila Romanovich and talented young people.We know that he has approved the first experiments and Pushkin, and many other poets, who later became famous.Gavrila Romanovich survived the invasion of Napoleon and the expulsion of his army out of the country.He died the poet Derzhavin, whose biography was so busy in the summer 1816 in his estate.He was buried in the church convent, located near Novgorod.
