go to elections not all.The fact that people are not particularly versed in the way they are.Systems are different, and the elections themselves, too.This is telling you that you need to go and vote in single-member districts.What is it?It is this the first thought of most voters.What does that expression, and what to do with it at all?Let's eliminate the "political illiteracy".
single-mandate constituency
To understand what I mean, do not need to invent anything.To the law (on which the elections are held).There's clearly written, single-member districts - an area from which you can nominate only one representative in the collegial body.That is, the candidates may be many, but only one will win.This district is formed under different electoral systems.Among them, point to a majority, a multi-party proportional and direct delegation.It turns out that single-member districts - it is a widespread notion.It can be found in various laws and acts regulating the expression of the will of various population groups.Sense vote is to choose one of many.Issues of education districts, their work, and other details are determined by special acts.If we talk about the elections to self-government, the relevant law.
How are county
This work is entrusted to the Central Election Commission.It generates lists of single-member districts to meet certain conditions.They should all have approximately the same number of voters.That is, each candidate formed by the voting body should have equal rights with other conditions.For example, when elections are held in the State Duma, each single-mandate electoral district must combine a certain number of voters.It is necessary to create conditions for the equal participation of citizens in the political life of the country.After all, their representative is to express their opinion it is in the formed body.If you do not comply with this condition, we obtain the disproportionality of the rights of voters.For example, one member will protect the rights of hundreds of citizens, and the other - thousands.It is clear that some people will feel slighted in their rights.It turns out that single-member districts - a form of fairness during plebiscites.Deviation from the average number of voters allowed.But it should not exceed ten per cent, to remote areas - fifteen.
Snap to administrative-territorial division
There are still some conditions that are observed during the formation of districts.They can not unite people living in different regions of Russia.That is, each of them formed their district.Thus the first condition for an equal number of voters should be respected.Exceptions are areas separated from the subject, so to speak, the enclaves.Furthermore, this area is formed only from areas adjacent to each other.For example, neighboring villages and towns, districts and so on.You can not associate one county towns that are separated by other territories, not included in this education.In practice, to make binding administrative-territorial units, to comply with proportional representation.In each subject of the Russian Federation to create at least one district.
Documentary substantiation
scheme single-member constituencies should be established no later than one hundred and ninety days prior to the date of expiration of the term of the State Duma working.It seems that body for consideration and approval.It is required to contain the following information: name and number of each county, the list of administrative units in his inbox.In fact - this is the list of cities, villages, towns, districts, and so on.If a metropolis is divided between several districts, the boundaries are clearly specified.This is followed by the address of the election commission, the number of citizens eligible to vote.Duma approves scheme of a special law, which is promulgated by one hundred and twenty days before the expiry of its mandate.
Exceptional conditions
The legislation stipulates that to take, if the Duma is not able to comply with the requirement to disclose the list of single-member districts.This could theoretically happen in the event of dissolution.Then the decision is made by the Central Election Commission.They offered two.You must either hold elections under the old scheme, which is approved by the people's will last for the same order or commission creates and approves the new own decision.It is formed with all of the above conditions.That is, in this case the function of the State Duma passed on to the CEC.All of this must be decided and made public within ten days.In the case of early elections - for seventy-five days before the expiration of the acting authority.
to voters
Elections of deputies from single-member constituencies by simple voting.This means that by coming to the area, you will receive a newsletter, which is necessary to note only one candidate.Responsible voters are encouraged to review them in advance, so as not to explore their identity in the voting booth.Note that if you mention a few, your choice will not be counted.Bulletin deemed invalid (spoiled).After the voting is over, held debriefing.Members of the local committee, studying all the ballots, are a direct count of the number of votes cast for each candidate.Separately counted ballots are spoiled.When the counting finishes, its results are compared.Victory declared the candidate who voted for the greatest number of citizens.It is democratic.Rarely, but sometimes it turns out not one, but two "first".That is, the candidates receive an equal number of votes.The legislation stipulates how to proceed in such a situation.
What is the single-mandate constituency, considered by the example of elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation.The principles in other legislative acts are the same, only the disclosure of the terms necessary decisions may vary.
