Earthquakes - terrible natural phenomenon, which can bring many troubles.They relate not only to the destruction of which can be human sacrifices.They cause catastrophic tsunami waves could lead to even more disastrous consequences.
For which areas of the globe earthquakes pose the greatest threat?To answer this question we need to see where the active seismic areas.This zone of the Earth's crust that are more mobile than the surrounding regions.They are located at the boundaries of tectonic plates, where there is a collision or razdvizheniya major crustal blocks.It shifts powerful layers of rocks and cause earthquakes.
dangerous areas of the world
on the globe are several zones, which are characterized by high frequency ground strokes.This is a seismically dangerous areas.The first of these is called the Pacific Rim, as it occupies almost the entire coast of the ocean.There are frequent not only earthquakes, but also volcanic eruptions, so often used the name "volcanic" or "fire" ring.The activity of the earth's crust is determined by the modern mountain-building processes.
second major seismic zone stretches along the high mountains of Eurasia young from the Alps and other mountains in Southern Europe and to the Sunda Islands through Asia Minor, the Caucasus, Central Mountains and Central Asia and the Himalayas.Here, too, there is a collision of lithospheric plates that cause frequent earthquakes.
third zone stretches across the Atlantic Ocean.This Mid-Atlantic Ridge, which is the result razdvizheniya crust.This zone also applies to Iceland, known primarily for its volcanoes.But here earthquake - a phenomenon by no means rare.
seismically active regions of Russia
on the territory of our country as earthquakes.Seismically active regions of Russia - this is the Caucasus, Altai Mountains in Eastern Siberia and the Far East, Commander and Kuril Islands,.Sakhalin.It can happen tremors of great strength.
can remember Sakhalin earthquake of 1995, when under the rubble of collapsed buildings lost two-thirds of the township Neftegorsk.After the rescue, it was decided not to rebuild the village, and residents moved to other places.
In 2012-2014, there were several earthquakes in the North Caucasus.Fortunately, their pockets are deep.There were no casualties or serious damage.
seismic map of Russia
The map shows that the most seismically hazardous areas lie in the south and east of the country.At the same time the eastern part of Russia populated by relatively weak.But in the south of the earthquake are much more danger to people because the population density is higher.
Krasnoyarsk, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk, Khabarovsk and some other major cities are in the danger zone.This active seismic areas.
Anthropogenic earthquake
seismically active regions of Russia covers approximately 20% of the country.But this does not mean that the rest of the fully insured against earthquakes.Tremors force in 3-4 points are marked even far away from plate boundaries, in the center of the platform regions.
Thus the development of the economy increases the possibility of man-made earthquakes.They are most often caused by the fact that the roof falls underground cavities.Because of this, the crust as if shaken, almost as if a real earthquake.A voids and cavities under the ground is getting bigger, because people for their needs is extracted from the bowels of oil and natural gas, water pumps, building a mine for the extraction of solid minerals ... and underground nuclear explosions in general comparable with natural earthquakes on the force.
collapse of rock strata in itself can be a danger to people.Indeed, in many areas of the voids are formed directly under the settlements.Recent events in Solikamsk only confirmed this.But even a small earthquake can lead to terrible consequences, as a result it can collapse buildings that are in disrepair, dilapidated housing, where people continue to live ... It is also a violation of the integrity of layers of rocks and threatened by the mine, where landslides may occur.
What to do?
prevent such a dangerous phenomenon, like an earthquake, people still can not.And even predict exactly when and where it happens, are not learned.So, you need to know how to protect themselves and loved ones during the aftershocks.
People living in such dangerous areas, you should always have a plan in case of an earthquake.Since the element can reach family members in different places, should be an agreement on the venue after the termination shock.Housing should be as obezopasheno from falling heavy objects, furniture is best attached to the walls and floor.All residents should be aware of where you can quickly turn off the gas, electricity and water to avoid fires, explosions and electric shocks.Stairs and walkways should not be cluttered with things.Documents and a set of products and essentials should always be at hand.
Beginning in kindergartens and schools, the population needs to be taught proper behavior during the disaster that will increase the chances of rescue.
seismically active regions of Russia have special requirements on the industry, and civil engineering.Earthquake resistant building more difficult and expensive to build, but the cost of their construction - is nothing compared to the lives saved.After all, the security will not only those who are in this building, but also those who are close.There will be destruction and rubble - there will be no victims.
