Money today is one of the most important economic institutions of mankind.At the same time people are so accustomed to them that he did not imagine that there was a time when these pieces of paper and pieces of metal were not in sight.On the other hand, the origin and function of money has long been interested in prominent economists and historians, many of whom, considering this problem, trying to find answers to many questions about the evolution of a society and the state.
All theories that scientists are trying to shed light on the origin of the money can be divided into two large groups - rationalistic and evolutionary.Supporters of the first of these act from the positions that the origin of the money due to the informal agreement among people, to ease the exchange of one commodity for another.The most popular rationalist theory used in antiquity, the Middle Ages and the Enlightenment, however, and now a number of economists argue that the money - it is primarily defined by social convention.
development of sciences at the turn of XVIII-XIX centuries.It led to the fact that many provisions of the rationalists were subjected to rather severe criticism.They were replaced by supporters of the evolutionary concept of development of the institution of money.Most consecutive conductors of this concept began to Adam Smith, Karl Marx, Ricardo.According to them, the origin of money and their evolution were directly connected themselves with the development of commodity-money relations.This primarily concerned the complexity of the process of production, labor productivity growth and the total value of the surplus product.
origin of the money in accordance with this theory was explained by random necessity of certain people not just to exchange one commodity for another, but also to get a certain degree of profit that could be used in the future.
evolutionary concept is very closely linked the origins and functions of money.So, if in the beginning money was easy and even accidental form of value, then later they turned not only to the common form of value, but also a means of wealth accumulation, as well as the main equivalent of all commodities, including labor.
origin of the money - quite a long process, which includes several quite distinct stages.The general result of it is that the money is converted to the basic form of value.And this applies not only to material things and objects, but also concepts such as labor, spiritual creativity, public recognition.The origin of the money and their evolution, which continues until now served as the basis to divide the entire economic scope of the goods and services that are in the coordinate system relative value, and money, which act as a general equivalent.
origin of money, in terms of the supporters of the theory of evolution has led to the following important trends.First appearing as a form of goods, money quickly stood out from this total mass, assuming the implementation of a number of public relations.Second, the evolution of the money itself - the process is very long, but at the same time - the logical, therefore, no orders from above they can not disappear.Third, a major role throughout the evolution of money has played a State for which they have been one of the cornerstones of the existence of the institution of state power.The state took over the implementation of such important functions as an issue of money, the determination of their nominal value, even the definition of appearance money.Especially the role of the state in monetary policy increases at a time when a failure occurs on the gold content of money and a lot is left up power immediately.
